General population Hospitality employees Exposed at work Exposed at home Assumption 
 applied 20-64 years exposed at home All workforce exposed at work 65 years exposed at home Fifth of pub, bar, nightclub workers Fifth of hotel and restaurant workers All pub, bar, nightclub workers All hotel and restaurant workers Lower 95% confidence limit* Subtotal 1684 204 4357 11 11 18 47 Difference (%) –1454 (–44) –3602 (–45) –32 (–59) — Upper 95% confidence limit* Subtotal 3683 1085 11426 33 46 40 102 Difference (%) 1426 (43) 3467 (44) 25 (46) — Relative risk for stroke equivalent to relative risk for ischaemic heart disease Subtotal 2532 518 6860 22 26 27 70 Difference (%) –293 (–9) –1099 (–14) –6 (–10) — Australian prevalence plus smoking regulations as in Republic of Ireland¶ Subtotal 2211 0 5384 0 0 24 61 Difference (%) –1131 (–34) –2575 (–32) –54 (–100) —

^* Taken from Woodward and Laugesen.¹⁵

Difference relative to equivalent figures in table 2.

For all aged 20-65 years.

For workplace exposure in all hospitality employees.

^¶ Figures for prevalence from White et al²⁷; all workplaces in the Republic of Ireland are now smoke free.