References

Figure

� Posted as supplied by author.

Web references

w1 Nolte E, Shkolnikov V, Scholz R, McKee M. Progress in health care, progress in health? Patterns of amenable mortality in central and eastern Europe before and after political transition. Demographic Res 2004;Special collection 2:139-62.

�w2 Shkolnikov V, McKee M, Leon DA. Changes in life expectancy in Russia in the 1990s. Lancet 2001;357:917-21.

�w3 Andreev EM, Nolte E, Shkolnikov VM, Varavikova E, McKee M. The evolving pattern of avoidable mortality in Russia. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:437-46.

�w4 Zatonski W. Democracy and health: tobacco control in Poland. Tobacco control policy: strategies, successes and setbacks. Six country case studies. de Beyer J, Waverley L, eds. Washington DC: World Bank, 2003:97-120.

�w5 Balabanova D, McKee M, Pomerleau J, Rose R, Haerpfer C. Health service utilisation in the Former Soviet Union: evidence from eight countries. Health Serv Res 2004;39:1927-50.

�w6 Suhrcke M, Rechel B, Michaud C. Is international development assistance for health to Eastern Europe and Central Asia too low? Venice: WHO European Office for Investment for Health and Development, 2004.

Figure

Life expectancy at birth in Europe (the Commonwealth of Independent States includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). From McMichael AJ, et al. Lancet 2004;363:1155-9.