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(exp Respiratory Tract Infections/ or respiratory infection* or upper respiratory tract infection* or URTI) and (exp Fluid Therapy/ or fluid therapy or exp Water-Electrolyte Balance/ or water electrolyte balance or fluid balance or exp water/ or exp drinking/ or exp drinking behaviour/ or drink* adj (fluid* or water) or exp Infusions, Parenteral/ or parenteral infusion* or exp thirst/ or thirst* or exp water deprivation/ or water intake or fluid intake or rehydration or exp Rehydration Solutions/ or rehydration solution* or oral rehydration therapy or (give fluid*) or (give near fluid*)

Table A Selection of recommendations about fluid in medical texts
 

Study	Publication type	URTI	Bronchitis or bronchiolitis	Pneumonia
Campbell 1998w1	Paediatric	0	+	+
Robinson 2003w2	Paediatric	+	+	+
Murtagh 1996w3	General practice	++	—	—
Fry 1993w4	General practice	+	+	0
Rosser 1998w5	General practice	++	—	—
Taylor 1998w6	General practice	++	+	+
Middleton 1991w7	General practice	++	—	—
Eisenberg 1998w8	Home medical guide	++	—	—
Smith 2001w9	Home medical guide	++	—	—

URTI=Upper respiratory tract infection.

++=Recommends increased fluid intake.

+=recommends fluid intake, quantity not specified.

0=No fluid recommendation made.

—=Management of condition not addressed.

Table B Additional cases of hyponatraemia in non-dehydrated patients with respiratory infections
 

Study	No of patients	Age	Diagnosis	Serum sodium level (mmol/l)	Serum or urine osmolality	Symptoms associated with low sodium level
Lipsitz 1984w10	1	10 week old girl	Mild coryza, had been given large amounts of oral fluids	112		Seizures
Rosenow 1972w11	3	40 year old woman, 24 and 28 year old pregnant women	Pneumonia	118-135	Dilute serum, concentrated urine	40 year old woman lost consciousness

Additional references

1. Campbell AGM, McIntosh N, eds. Forfar and Arneil’s textbook of pediatrics. 5th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1998:559-70.
2. Robinson MJ, Roberton DM, eds. Practical paediatrics. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2003:442-82.
3. Murtagh J. General practice. Sydney: McGraw-Hill, 1996:336-7, 609.
4. Fry J, Sandler G. Common diseases: their nature, prevalence and care. 5th ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1993:35-94.
5. Rosser W, Shafir M. Evidence-based family medicine. Hamilton: BC Decker, 1998:108-9.
6. Taylor R, ed. Family medicine. Principles and practice. 5th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998:328-44, 734-45.
7. Middleton D. An approach to paediatric upper respiratory infections. Aust Fam Physician 1991;44:S33-47.
8. Eisenberg A. Murkoff H, Hathaway S. What to expect in the toddler years. Sydney: Harper Collins, 1998:596-610.
9. Smith T, Davidson S. The British Medical Association new family doctor home advisor. 3rd ed. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2001:77, 106-7, 194-5.
10. Lipsitz DJ. Herbal teas and water intoxication in a young child. J Fam Pract 1984;18:933-7.
11. Rosenow EC, Segar WE, Zehr JE. Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in pneumonia. Mayo Clin Proc 1972;47:169-74.

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