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One third of the world's population has latent tuberculosis, and
nine million new cases of active tuberculosis emerge annually, which
results in up to three million deaths. In a clinical review, Chan and
Iseman (p 1282) discuss the challenges associated with treating
tuberculosis. Patients' non-adherence is the most common cause of
treatment failure and acquired drug resistance, but predicting non-compliance is difficult. The immediate challenges for the control
of tuberculosis are developing treatment regimens that are shorter or
less frequent for patients. Long term prospects include improved vaccines.