Jump to: Page Content, Site Navigation, Site Search,
You are seeing this message because your web browser does not support basic web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.
Extra references
w1. Miller JN, Colditz GA, Mosteller F. How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. II: Surgical. Stat Med 1989;8:455-66.
w2. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273:408-12.
w3. MacLehose RR, Reeves BC, Harvey IM, Sheldon TA, Russell IT, Black AM. A systematic review of comparisons of effect sizes derived from randomised and non-randomised studies. Health Technol Assess 2000;4:1-154.
4. Haines SJ. Randomized clinical trials in the evaluation of surgical innovation. J Neurosurg 1979;51:5-11.
5. Barnes RW. Understanding investigative clinical trials. J Vasc Surg 1989;9:609-18.
6. Solomon MJ, McLeod RS. Clinical studies in surgical journals: have we improved? Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:43-8.
7. Horton R. Surgical research or comic opera? Questions but few answers. Lancet 1996;347:984.
w8. Solomon MJ, Laxamana A, Devore L, McLeod RS. Randomized controlled trials in surgery. Surgery 1994;115:707-12.
w9. Solomon MJ, McLeod RS. Surgery and the randomised controlled trial: past, present and future. Med J Aust 1998;169:380-3.
w10. Bonchek LI. Sounding board. Are randomized trials appropriate for evaluating new operations? N Engl J Med 1979;301:44-5.
w11. Van Der Linden W. Pitfalls in randomized surgical trials. Surgery 1980;7:258-62.
w12. Laupacis A, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB, Feeny D, Tugwell P, Sim DA. Randomized trials in orthopaedics: why, how, and when? J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1989;71:535-43.
w13. Hu X, Wright JG, McLeod RS, Lossing A, Walters BC. Observational studies as an alternative to randomised clinical trials in surgical clinical research. Surgery 1996;119:473-75.
w14. Hall JC, Mills B, Nguyen H, Hall JL. Methodologic standards in clinical trials. Surgery 1996;119:466-72.
w15. McLeod RS, Wright JC, Solomon MJ, Hu X, Walters BC, Lossing A. Randomised controlled trials in surgery: issues and problems. Surgery 1996;119:483-6.
w16. Buchwald H. Surgical procedures and devices should be evaluated in the same way as medical therapy. Controlled Clin Trials 1997;18:478-87.
w17. Pollock AV. Guidelines for the correct conduct of clinical research in surgery. Eur J Surg 1998;164:243-9.
w18. The AXIS colorectal cancer trial: randomization of over 2000 patients [editorial]. The AXIS Steering Group. Br J Surg 1994;81:1672.
w19. Spodick DH, Aronow W, Barber B, Blackburn H, Boyd D, Conti CR, et al. Standards for surgical trials. Ann Thorac Surg 1979;27:28-41.
w20. Southern Surgeons Club. A prospective analysis of 1518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1073-8.
w21. Haynes RB, Dantes R. Patient compliance and the conduct and interpretation of therapeutic trials. Control Clin Trials 1987;8:12-9.
w22. McCulloch P. D1 versus D2 dissection for gastric cancer. Lancet 1995;345:1516-7.
w23. Pacelli F, Sgadari A, Doglietto GB. Surgery for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;341:538.
w24. Slaughter S, Hayden MK, Nathan C, Hu TC, Rice T, van Voorhis J, et al. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:448-56.
w25. Boncheck LI. The role of the randomized clinical trial in the evaluation of new operations. Surg Clin North Am 1982;62:761-9.
w26. Fisher B, Bauer M, Margolese R, Poisson R, Pilch Y, Redmond C, et al. Five year results of a randomised clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1985;312:665-73.
w27. Creagh T. Patient treatment preference in metastatic prostate cancer. Ir Med J 1996;89:12.
w28. Ward LC, Fielding JWL, Dunn JA, Kelly KA. The selection of cases for randomised trials: a registry of concurrent trial participants and non-participants. Br J Cancer 1992;66:943-50.
w29. Majeed AW, Troy G, Nicholl JP, Smythe A, Reed MW, Stoddard CJ, et al. Randomised, prospective, single-blind comparison of laparoscopic versus small-incision cholecystectomy. Lancet 1996;347:989-94.
w30. Widimsky P, Groch L, Zelizko M, Aschermann M, Bednar F, and Suryapranata H. Multicentre randomized trial comparing transport to primary angioplasty vs immediate thrombolysis vs combined strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to a community hospital without a catheterization laboratory. The PRAGUE study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:823-31.
w31. Duration of chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The Medical Research Council’s Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood. Med Pediatr Oncol 1982;10:511-20.
w32. Lawrence W. Some problems with clinical trials. James Ewing lecture. Arch Surg 1991;126:370-8.
w33. O’Connor SJ, Lanning JA. The new health-care quality: value, outcomes, and continuous improvement. Clin Lab Manage Rev 1991;5:221-9.
w34. Felli JC, Hazen GB. Sensitivity analysis and the expected value of perfect information. Med Decis Making 1998;18:95-109.
w35. Fitzpatrick R, Davey C, Buxton MJ, Jones DR. Evaluating patient-based outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Health Technol Assess 1998;2(14):1-74.
w36. Raskob GE, Lofthouse RN, Hull RD. Methodological guidelines for clinical trials evaluating new therapeutic approaches in bone and joint surgery. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1985;67:294-7.
w37. Felli JC, Hazen GB. A Bayesian approach to sensitivity analysis. Health Econ 1999;8:263-8.
w38. Lilford RJ, Thornton JG, Braunholtz D. Clinical trials and rare diseases: a way out of a conundrum. BMJ 1995;311:1621-5.
w39. Lilford RJ, Braunholtz D, Greenhalgh R, Edwards SJL. Trials and fast changing technologies: the case for tracker studies. BMJ 2000;320:43-6.