|
|
Table 3.
Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for
hospital admissions over 21 years from first screening by level of
perceived stress at first
screening
|
|
| Perceived
stress |
No of admissions |
Adjusted
for age |
Adjusted for age and social
class |
Adjusted for age, social class, and risk
factors* |
|
| All cause, general
hospital: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
1913 |
1.10
(0.98 to 1.23) |
1.15 (1.03 to 1.29) |
1.13 (1.01 to
1.27) |
| Medium |
6749 |
0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) |
1.04 (0.96 to
1.13) |
1.03 (0.95 to
1.11) |
| Low |
4240 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.32 |
0.021 |
0.048 |
| Cardiovascular
disease: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
524 |
1.14 (0.94 to
1.37) |
1.22 (1.01 to 1.47) |
1.20 (1.00 to
1.45) |
| Medium |
1740 |
0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) |
1.06 (0.93 to
1.21) |
1.03 (0.91 to
1.18) |
| Low |
1105 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.38 |
0.049 |
0.081 |
| Coronary heart
disease: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
215 |
0.94 (0.72 to
1.24) |
1.00 (0.76 to 1.33) |
1.00 (0.76 to
1.32) |
| Medium |
845 |
0.94 (0.78 to 1.14) |
1.02 (0.84 to
1.23) |
0.96 (0.79 to
1.16) |
| Low |
544 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.57 |
0.93 |
0.90 |
| Acute myocardial
infarction: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
91 |
0.79 (0.59 to
1.06) |
0.82 (0.61 to 1.10) |
0.86 (0.65 to
1.15) |
| Medium |
399 |
0.89 (0.74 to 1.08) |
0.93 (0.77 to
1.14) |
0.93 (0.76 to
1.13) |
| Low |
272 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.10 |
0.20 |
0.29 |
| Angina: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
45 |
1.17
(0.69 to 2.00) |
1.35 (0.79 to 2.31) |
1.32 (0.78 to
2.26) |
| Medium |
135 |
0.87 (0.60 to 1.27) |
1.01 (0.69 to
1.49) |
1.01 (0.68 to
1.50) |
| Low |
94 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.80 |
0.35 |
0.38 |
Hypertension, varicose veins,
and ill defined conditions : |
|
|
| High |
107 |
1.72 (1.25 to 2.37) |
1.83 (1.32 to 2.53) |
1.91 (1.38 to
2.64) |
| Medium |
322 |
1.26 (1.00 to 1.61) |
1.36 (1.06 to
1.73) |
1.39 (1.09 to
1.77) |
| Low |
153 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Other cardiovascular
disease : |
|
|
|
|
| High |
253 |
1.08 (0.84 to
1.40) |
1.14 (0.88 to 1.48) |
1.14 (0.88 to
1.48) |
| Medium |
809 |
0.88 (0.74 to 1.06) |
0.98 (0.81 to
1.17) |
0.99 (0.82 to
1.19) |
| Low |
550 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| P for
trend |
|
0.96 |
0.45 |
0.43 |
| Psychiatric
disorders: |
|
|
|
|
| High |
103 |
2.20 (1.33 to
3.65) |
2.34 (1.41 to 3.91) |
§ |
| Medium |
212 |
1.10 (0.76 to 1.60) |
1.18 (0.80 to
1.73) |
§ |
| Low |
114 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
§ |
| P for
trend |
|
0.004 |
0.002 |
|
|
|
Participants in each stress category: high stress n=743, medium
stress n=3037, and low stress n=1826.
|
*
Risk factors: smoking (cigarettes per day, past, current, never
smokers), alcohol consumption (0, >0-15,  15 units weekly), weekly
hours of exercise, cholesterol concentration (mmol/l), diastolic blood
pressure (mm Hg), body mass index (kg/m2), percentage of
forced expiratory volume in one second. Participants with missing
values excluded.
|
|
Includes ICD9 codes 401 (hypertension) 189 admissions; 429 (ill
defined heart disease) 12 admissions; 454 (lower limb varicose veins)
156 admissions; 455 (haemorrhoids) 147 admissions; 456 (other varicose
veins) 35 admissions; 457 (lympho-oedema) 2 admissions; 458 (hypotension) 14 admissions; 459 (other circulatory disorders) 27 admissions.
|
|
Includes ICD9 codes 393-398 (chronic rheumatic heart disease)
43 admissions; 402-405 (hypertensive disease other than essential
hypertension) 15 admissions; 415-417 (diseases of the pulmonary
circulation) 67 admissions; 420-425 (diseases of the pericardium,
endocardium, and myocardium) 73 admissions; 426-428 (conduction
disorders, dysrhythmias, and heart failure) 469 admissions; 430-438 (cerebrovascular disease) 401 admissions; 440-448 (diseases of
arteries, arterioles, and capillaries) 449 admissions; 451 (phlebitis)
60 admissions; 453 (venous embolism and thrombosis) 35 admissions.
|
|
§
Not reported as cardiovascular risk factors were not expected
to confound a relation with psychiatric disease.
|
