Nutrients that may modify cancer risk

Animal models for preclinical cancer chemoprevention studies
 

Table A Nutrients that may modify cancer risk (adapted from Huang et al, 1994⁷)

Nutrient	Source
Vitamins:
Vitamin D	Dairy products
Folic acid	Vegetables
Vitamin A	Vegetables
Vitamin E (a-tocopherol)	Vegetable oils
Ascorbic acid	Vegetables, fruits
Minerals:
Calcium	Dairy products, vegetables
Selenium	Vegetables, fruits, cereal grains, meat, fish
Iron	Red meat
Zinc	Vegetables
Carotenoids:
Lycopene	Tomatoes
Lutein	Dark green vegetables
b Carotene	Orange yellow vegetables
a Carotene	Orange yellow vegetables
Flavonoids:
Genistein	Soybeans, soy products
Resveratrol	Grapes, red wine
Quercetin	Vegetables, fruits
Rutin	Vegetables, fruits
Tangeretin	Citrus fruits
Nobiletin	Citrus fruits
Catechins	Grapes
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	Green tea
Anthocyanins	Vegetables, fruits, black tea
Organosulfur compounds:
Diallyl sulfide	Allium vegetables (such as garlic, onion)
Allyl mercaptan	Allium vegetables
Allyl methyl trisulfide	Allium vegetables
S-allylcysteine	Allium vegetables
Isothiocyanates:
Allyl isothiocyanate	Cabbage
2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate	Cabbage
Benzyl isothiocyanate	Cabbage
Benzyl isothiocyanate	Garden cress
3-Methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate	Broccoli
Sulforaphane	Broccoli
Indoles:
Indole-3-carbinol	Cruciferous vegetables
Indole-3-acetonitrile	Cruciferous vegetables
Monoterpenes:
D-Limonene	Citrus fruit oils
D-Carvone	Caraway seed oil
Phenolic acids:
Curcumin	Turmeric, curry, mustard
Caffeic acid	Fruits, coffee beans, soybeans
Ferulic acid	Fruits, soybeans
Chlorogenic acid	Fruits, coffee beans, soybeans
Chlorophyll:
Chlorophyll	Green vegetables
Chlorophyllin	Green vegetables

 

Table B Animal models for preclinical cancer chemoprevention studies (adapted from Kelloff, 1999¹³)

Organ model	Species	End point
Buccal pouch	Hamster	Squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma
Colon	Mouse	Adenocarcinoma, adenoma, aberrant crypt foci
	Rat	Adenocarcinoma, adenoma
Oesophagus	Rat	Squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma
Forestomach	Mouse	Squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma
Intestines	Rat	Adenocarcinoma, adenoma
Liver	Mouse or rat	Hepatocellular carcinoma, adenoma
Lung	Mouse	Adenoma
	Hamster	Squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma
Mammary glands	Mouse or rat	Adenocarcinoma, adenoma
Pancreas	Hamster	Ductal adenocarcinoma, adenoma
	Rat	Acinar cell carcinoma
Skin	Mouse	Carcinoma, papilloma
Stomach	Rat	Adenocarcinoma
Urinary bladder	Mouse or rat	Transitional cell carcinoma

 

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