Characteristics of trials included in meta-analysis of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus intensive insulin injections Author No of participants Mean (SD or range) age (years) Mean (SD or range) duration of diabetes (years) Duration of treatment (months) Type of pump Type of insulin Injection regimen Schiffrin, 19828 16 24.9 (8.8) 10.4 (5.1) 6 Mill Hill Connaught/Lilly regular Regular thrice daily; isophane insulin at bedtime Home, 19826 10 40.4 (7.3) 23.5 (8.3) 2.5 Mill Hill, Auto-Syringe Pork Actrapid Regular thrice daily; ultralente pm Nathan, 19825 5   31 (5.7)  7.4 (1.8) 2-3 Auto-Syringe NA Regular thrice daily; regular isophane insulin twice daily; ultralente before breakfast Schiffrin, 198411 24 13-20 9 4 Mill Hill Connaught/Lilly regular Regular thrice daily; isophane insulin pm/bedtime Dahl-Jørgensen, 19867 15 26 (19-42) 12.8 24 Nordisk Pork Velosulin Regular twice daily; isophane insulin am/bedtime 15 26 (18-32) 12.8 Auto-Syringe Helve, 198712 65 31.1 (1) 12 (1) 6 Nordisk Auto-Syringe Velosulin Actrapid Multiple Marshall, 198713 12 36 (21-50) 18 (10-29) 6 Nordisk Velosulin Regular twice daily; isophane insulin twice daily/bedtime Bak, 198714 20 24 (2)  5.8 (3.8) 6 Graseby Actrapid Regular thrice daily; isophane insulin at bedtime Saurbrey, 198816 21   32 (2.1) 14.5 (1.4) 2.5 Auto-Syringe, Medix NA Regular thrice or four times daily; lente bedtime Schmitz, 198917 10 36.5 (7.9) 23.7 (2.9) 6 Nordisk Velosulin Regular thrice daily; isophane insulin at bedtime Düsseldorf, 199018 47 32 (18-54) 18 (3-44) 24 Nordisk, Promedos NA Regular twice, thrice, or four times daily 49 Betatron, Auto-Syringe NA Twice daily isophane insulin (or before breakfast injection/bedtime) Hannaire-Broutin, 200019 41  43.5 (10.3)  20.0 (11.3) 4 MiniMed, Disetronic Lispro Thrice daily monomeric; twice daily isophane insulin (or before breakfast injection/bedtime) NA=data not available. * Regular=regular soluble or short acting insulin. Participants on injections. Participants on pump therapy.