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Over 600 000 infants worldwide are infected with HIV from their mothers
every year. Transmission rates are up to 35% when there is no
intervention and below 5% when antiretroviral treatment and
appropriate care are available. McIntyre and Gray (p 218) report that
implementing programmes to prevent mother to child transmission has
been difficult and slow in poor countries; they say that future
research should focus on preventing postpartum infection and on
operational issues.