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In the first 1-2 years of life there is wide variation in growth rates
compared with later childhood. In a large birth cohort study, Ong et al
(p 967) show that half of all children deviate significantly from
their birth weight or length percentile position by two years. Overall,
30.7% of infants showed catch-up growth between zero and two years,
and these children had greater body mass index, percentage fat mass,
and waist circumference at five years. These children had been smaller
and thinner at birth and had more maternal indicators of intrauterine
growth restraint than the other children; thus factors that signal and
regulate postnatal catch-up growth may contribute to associations
between small size at birth and risks for disease in adulthood.