Published 1 June 2009, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1728
Cite this as: BMJ 2009;338:b1728

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Consider β blockers for patients with heart failure

Henry Krum

1 Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics, Dept of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia

Correspondence to: H Krum henry.krum@med.monash.edu.au

β blockers remain underused in chronic heart failure despite important benefits, but the difficulty in starting treatment is probably overestimated

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


  • β blockers are essential therapy in systolic chronic heart failure, with important mortality benefits, but they remain underused because of concerns about difficulties in starting treatment
  • Recent evidence suggests that despite these concerns all practitioners, including non-cardiologists, should consider patients with heart failure for β blockers; even elderly patients and those with relative contraindications tolerate the drugs well
  • β blockers should be started at low doses in selected patients and titrated up slowly to target dose if possible, with monitoring throughout this process


Chronic systolic heart failure is a major public health problem that is associated with high mortality, poor quality of life, and frequent hospitalisation.1 The sympathetic nervous system is a key activated neurohormonal system that drives progression of this disorder; blocking this system with β adrenergic blocking drugs can improve clinical outcomes.2 However, the underuse of β blockers is well documented,3 4 whether by cardiologists or by other specialists, . . . [Full text of this article]


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