BMJ  2005;330:1044 (7 May), doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1044-h

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Napoleon probably died of stomach cancer

Abergavenny Roger Dobson

Theories that Napoleon was betrayed, poisoned, or a victim of inappropriate medical treatment have been undermined by new research based on the emperor’s trouser collection. The research has shown that his weight loss in his final year is consistent with a severe progressive illness. It lends credence to the idea that Napoleon died of stomach cancer, which was the cause of death specified in the original autopsy.

Napoleon died in exile on the island of St Helena and almost since the day of his death in 1821 there have been conspiracy theories about the cause. There have also been suggestions that chronic exposure to arsenic and medication errors were involved, while the theories that he had been poisoned was given a considerable boost in 1961, when a raised arsenic concentration was found in his hair.

“This finding elicited numerous theories of conspiracy, treachery, and poisoning. Most recent . . . [Full text of this article]


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This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Choi, B. C K, Hunter, D. J, Tsou, W., Sainsbury, P. (2005). Diseases of comfort: primary cause of death in the 22nd century. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 59: 1030-1034 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Caan, W. (2005). A testing time for ethical standards. BMJ 330: 1510-1510 [Full text]  

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What killed Napoleon?
Pradeep G Paul
bmj.com, 8 May 2005 [Full text]



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