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BMJ 2003;327:1286 (29 November), doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7426.1286
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EDITORIf the increased psychiatric stress in the comparatively younger students in the study by Goodman et al is the result of inappropriate teacher expectations, holding back students may have no net benefit.1 The held back student becomes one of the older students, raising expectations and increasing stress for those younger. Some held back students will be resentful and increase stress on everyone.
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American schools have a conflict of interest. Holding a child back increases the number of years that the child spends in a particular school. This increases the total government funding that school receives. I have witnessed students denied early graduation for just this reason.
Held back students are injured in at least one way. They are stuck in an extremely lengthy educational process for one more year, having
Thomas Radecki, private practice psychiatrist
705 W Oregon, Urbana, IL 61801, USA c4tf@hotmail.com
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