BMJ 2003;326:328-330 ( 8 February )

Clinical review

ABC of learning and teaching in medicine

Problem based learning

Diana F Wood. 

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Problem based learning is used in many medical schools in the United Kingdom and worldwide. This article describes this method of learning and teaching in small groups and explains why it has had an important impact on medical education.

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	What is problem based learning?

In problem based learning (PBL) students use "triggers" from the problem case or scenario to define their own learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self directed study before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge. Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate problems to increase knowledge and understanding. The process is clearly defined, and the several variations that exist all follow a similar series of steps.

Generic skills and attitudes    Teamwork    Critical evaluation of literature    Chairing a group    Self directed learning and use of resources    Listening    Presentation skills    Recording    Cooperation    Respect for colleagues' views

Group learning facilitates not only the acquisition of knowledge but also several other desirable attributes, such as communication skills, teamwork, problem solving, independent responsibility for learning, sharing information, and respect for others. PBL can . . . [Full text of this article]

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PBL in Medical Education is natural

Abd Hamid Mat Sain
bmj.com, 12 Feb 2003 [Full text]