BMJ 2002;324:827-830 ( 6 April )

Clinical review

Explaining risks: turning numerical data into meaningful pictures

Adrian Edwards, senior lecturer ^a, Glyn Elwyn, senior lecturer ^a, Al Mulley, chief of general medical division ^b. 

^a Department of General Practice, University of Wales College of Medicine, Llanedeyrn Health Centre, Llanedeyrn, Cardiff CF3 7PN, ^b Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, 9th Floor, Boston MA 02114, USA

Correspondence to: A Edwards Edwardsag@cf.ac.uk

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

The way in which information is presented affects both how health professionals introduce it and how patients use it

The "information age" has profound implications for the way we work. The volume of information derives from biomedical and clinical evaluative sciences and is increasingly available to clinicians and patients through the world wide web.¹ We need to process information, derive knowledge, and disseminate the knowledge into clinical practice. This is particularly challenging for doctors in the context of the consultation. Information often highlights uncertainties, including collective professional uncertainty, which we address with more and better research; individual professional uncertainty, which we address with professional education and support for decisions; and stochastic uncertainty (the irreducible element of chance), which we address with effective risk communication about the harms and benefits of different options for treatment or care.

In this article we discuss whether the shift towards a greater use of information . . . [Full text of this article]

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