BMJ 2000;320:1062-1066 ( 15 April )

Clinical review

ABC of arterial and venous disease

Vascular complications of diabetes

Richard Donnelly,  Alistair M Emslie-Smith,  Iain D Gardner,  Andrew D Morris. 

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Adults with diabetes have an annual mortality of about 5.4% (double the rate for non-diabetic adults), and their life expectancy is decreased on average by 5-10 years. Although the increased death rate is mainly due to cardiovascular disease, deaths from non-cardiovascular causes are also increased. A diagnosis of diabetes immediately increases the risk of developing various clinical complications that are largely irreversible and due to microvascular or macrovascular disease. Duration of diabetes is an important factor in the pathogenesis of complications, but other risk factorsfor example, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolaemiainteract with diabetes to affect the clinical course of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy.

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	Microvascular complications

A continuous relation exists between glycaemic control and the incidence and progression of microvascular complications. Hypertension and smoking also have an adverse effect on microvascular outcomes. In the diabetes control and complications triala landmark study in type 1 diabetesthe number of clinically important microvascular endpoints was . . . [Full text of this article]

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Diabetic Retinopathy

Tristan Richardson
bmj.com, 19 Apr 2000 [Full text]