BMJ 1996;312:1054 (27 April)
Editorials
Describing race, ethnicity, and culture in medical research
Describing the groups studied is better than trying to find a catch all name
The terminology of race, ethnicity, and culture is a source of continuing debate and will change because of fashion and politics.1 Given our diversity, the fact that ethnicity is now most often self classified, and that both ethnicity and culture are dynamic it seems unlikely that an agreed taxonomy can be achieved. But if researchers want to be able to compare results of studies now and in the future a framework is needed for the classification of ethnic or cultural groups.
The nearest we have to an agreed classification in the United Kingdom are the categories used by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in the 1991 census.2 This is a pragmatic classification that balances ease of collection against a need to produce data on the population.3 It is of limited use as a measure . . . [Full text of this article]

CiteULike
Complore
Connotea
Del.icio.us
Digg
Reddit
StumbleUpon
Technorati What's this?
Relevant Articles
-
Understanding why some ethnic minority patients evaluate medical care more negatively than white patients: a cross sectional analysis of a routine patient survey in English general practices
- Nicola Mead and Martin Roland
BMJ 2009 339: b3450.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
-
Inequalities in maternal health
- Wendy Pollock and James F King
BMJ 2009 338: b357.
[Extract]
[Full Text]
-
What about stigma, evidence base, and consistency?
- Trevor Turner and Sue Collinson
BMJ 2007 334: 814.
[Extract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
This article has been cited by other articles:
-
Calvert, M. J, Ross, N. M, Freemantle, N., Xu, Y., Zvauya, R., Parle, J. V
(2009). Examination performance of graduate entry medical students compared with mainstream students. JRSM
102: 425-430
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Mead, N., Roland, M.
(2009). Understanding why some ethnic minority patients evaluate medical care more negatively than white patients: a cross sectional analysis of a routine patient survey in English general practices. BMJ
339: b3450-b3450
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Pollock, W., King, J. F
(2009). Inequalities in maternal health. BMJ
338: b357-b357
[Full text]
-
Smart, A., Tutton, R., Martin, P., Ellison, G. T.H., Ashcroft, R.
(2008). The standardization of race and ethnicity in biomedical science editorials and UK biobanks.. Social Studies of Science
38: 407-423
[Abstract]
-
Turner, T., Collinson, S.
(2007). What about stigma, evidence base, and consistency?. BMJ
334: 814-814
[Full text]
-
Silva, G. J. J., Moreira, E. D., Pereira, A. C., Mill, J. G., Krieger, E. M., Krieger, J. E.
(2006). ACE gene dosage modulates pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice and men. Physiol. Genomics
27: 237-244
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Winker, M. A.
(2006). Race and Ethnicity in Medical Research: Requirements Meet Reality. J Law Med Ethics
34: 520-525
-
Alarcon, G S, Calvo-Alen, J, McGwin, G Jr, Uribe, A G, Toloza, S M A, Roseman, J M, Fernandez, M, Fessler, B J, Vila, L M, Ahn, C, Tan, F K, Reveille, J D, for the LUMINA Study Group,
(2006). Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic cohort: LUMINA XXXV. Predictive factors of high disease activity over time. Ann Rheum Dis
65: 1168-1174
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
LEESE, M., THORNICROFT, G., SHAW, J., THOMAS, S., MOHAN, R., HARTY, M. A., DOLAN, M.
(2006). Ethnic differences among patients in high-security psychiatric hospitals in England. Br. J. Psychiatry
188: 380-385
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Agyemang, C., Bhopal, R., Bruijnzeels, M.
(2005). Negro, Black, Black African, African Caribbean, African American or what? Labelling African origin populations in the health arena in the 21st century. J. Epidemiol. Community Health
59: 1014-1018
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Jasti, S., Siega-Riz, A. M., Bentley, M. E.
(2003). Dietary Supplement Use in the Context of Health Disparities: Cultural, Ethnic and Demographic Determinants of Use. J. Nutr.
133: 2010S-2013
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Kaplan, J. B., Bennett, T.
(2003). Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Publication. JAMA
289: 2709-2716
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Fenton, K A, Chinouya, M, Davidson, O, Copas, A
(2002). HIV testing and high risk sexual behaviour among London's migrant African communities: a participatory research study. Sex. Transm. Infect.
78: 241-245
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
AUDINI, B., LELLIOTT, P.
(2002). Age, gender and ethnicity of those detained under Part II of the Mental Health Act 1983. Br. J. Psychiatry
180: 222-226
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Minnis, H., McMillan, A., Gillies, M., Smith, S.
(2001). Racial stereotyping: survey of psychiatrists in the United Kingdom. BMJ
323: 905-906
[Full text]
-
Bhui, K., Bhugra, D.
(2001). Transcultural Psychiatry: Some Social and Epidemiological Research Issues. Int J Soc Psychiatry
47: 1-9
[Abstract]
-
Bhui, K., Bhugra, D., Selten, J. P.
(2001). Methodological rigour in cross-cultural researchAuthor's reply. Br. J. Psychiatry
179: 269-269
[Full text]
-
Kaufman, J. S., Cooper, R. S.
(2001). Commentary: Considerations for Use of Racial/Ethnic Classification in Etiologic Research. Am J Epidemiol
154: 291-298
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Cook, D. G., Cappuccio, F. P., Atkinson, R. W., Wicks, P. D., Chitolie, A., Nakandakare, E. R., Sagnella, G. A., Humphries, S. E.
(2001). Ethnic Differences in Fibrinogen Levels: The Role of Environmental Factors and the {beta}-Fibrinogen Gene. Am J Epidemiol
153: 799-806
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Low, N., Sterne, J. A C, Barlow, D.
(2001). Inequalities in rates of gonorrhoea and chlamydia between black ethnic groups in south east London: cross sectional study. Sex. Transm. Infect.
77: 15-20
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Saposnik, G., Fustinoni, O., Biller, J.
(2000). Ethnicity in Stroke: Practical Implications Response. Stroke
31: 2732-2733
[Full text]
-
Fix, A. D., Pena, C. A., Strickland, G. T.
(2000). Racial Differences in Reported Lyme Disease Incidence. Am J Epidemiol
152: 756-759
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
McKenzie, K.
(1999). Rates of anxiety and depression in African-Caribbeans may not reflect reality. BMJ
319: 1007a-1007
[Full text]
-
Dyson, S.
(1999). Genetic screening and ethnic minorities. Critical Social Policy
19: 195-215
[Abstract]
-
Shaw, C M, Creed, F, Tomenson, B, Riste, L, Cruickshank, J K, Rait, G.
(1999). Prevalence of anxiety and depressive illness and help seeking behaviour in African Caribbeans and white Europeans: two phase general population survey • Commentary: Counting heads may mask cultural and social factors. BMJ
318: 302-306
[Abstract]
[Full text]
-
Pfeffer, N.
(1998). Theories in health care and research: Theories of race, ethnicity and culture. BMJ
317: 1381-1384
[Full text]
-
Jarvis, E.
(1998). Schizophrenia in British Immigrants: Recent Findings, Issues and Implications. Transcultural Psychiatry
35: 39-74
[Abstract]
-
Hassiotis, A.
(1996). Clinical Examples of Cross-Cultural Work in a Community Learning Disability Service. Int J Soc Psychiatry
42: 318-327
[Abstract]
-
Hilton, C.
(1996). For Debate: Collecting ethnic group data for inpatients: is it useful?. BMJ
313: 923-925
[Full text]
-
Johnson, M. R D
(1996). Links need to be maintained with census definitions. BMJ
313: 426-426
[Full text]
-
De Bono, D.
(1996). Describing race, ethnicity, and culture in medical research. BMJ
313: 425a-425
[Full text]
-
McAuley, J., De Souza, L., Sharma, V., Robinson, I., Main, C. J, Frank, A O
(1996). Self defined ethnicity is unhelpful. BMJ
313: 425b-426
[Full text]
-
Azuonye, I. O.
(1996). Guidelines will encourage the thinking that underpins racism in medicine. BMJ
313: 426a-426
[Full text]