Education and debate

Implementing findings of research

Department of Primary20Health Care, University College London Medical School, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF Department of General Practice, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, London SE11 6SP Correspondence to: Professor Haines.

There are unacceptable delays in the implementation of many findings of research. This results in suboptimal care for patients. A number of approaches may be effective in speeding up implementation, including evidence based guidelines, the influence of opinion leaders, and computer based decision support systems. An integrated approach to speeding up this process by means of a number of mechanisms is likely to be most effective. The results of systematic reviews of the research literature should be incorporated into programmes of continuing medical education and clinical audit. Professional associations have an important role to play in ensuring that research based information is included in educational activities and clinical guidelines. Purchasers of health care could promote the uptake of research findings during contract negotiations. Improved methods of informing health care users and the public about evidence of effectiveness could also have an impact. Policy makers should take more account . . . [Full text of this article]

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    StumbleUpon    Technorati    What's this?

Relevant Article

Effect of combinations of drugs on all cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease: nested case-control analysis

Julia Hippisley-Cox and Carol Coupland
BMJ 2005 330: 1059-1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Payne, P. R. O., Embi, P. J., Sen, C. K. (2009). Translational informatics: enabling high-throughput research paradigms. Physiol. Genomics 39: 131-140 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Tiburi, M. F (2008). Evidence-based medicine as viewed by key decision-makers of health plans in southern Brazil. Health Serv Manage Res 21: 185-191 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Boluyt, N., Tjosvold, L., Lefebvre, C., Klassen, T. P., Offringa, M. (2008). Usefulness of Systematic Review Search Strategies in Finding Child Health Systematic Reviews in MEDLINE. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 111-116 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• McCormack, J. P., Loewen, P. (2007). Adding "value" to clinical practice guidelines. cfp 53: 1326-1327 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Woloshin, S., Schwartz, L. M., Welch, H. G. (2007). The Effectiveness of a Primer to Help People Understand Risk: Two Randomized Trials in Distinct Populations. ANN INTERN MED 146: 256-265 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hippisley-Cox, J, Coupland, C (2006). Effect of statins on the mortality of patients with ischaemic heart disease: population based cohort study with nested case-control analysis. Heart 92: 752-758 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hamann, J., Adjan, S., Leucht, S., Kissling, W. (2006). Psychiatric Decision Making in the Adoption of a New Antipsychotic in Germany. Psychiatr. Serv. 57: 700-703 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Sondergaard, J., Hansen, D. G., Aarslev, P., Munck, A. P (2006). A multifaceted intervention according to the Audit Project Odense method improved secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease: a randomised controlled trial. Fam Pract 23: 198-202 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Rycroft-Malone, J. (2006). The politics of the evidencebased practice movements: Legacies and current challenges. Journal of Research in Nursing 11: 95-108 [Abstract]  
• Salaun, P.-Y., Couturaud, F., Lacut, K., Nonent, M., Gut-Gobert, C., Le Gal, G., Guillo, P., Jouquan, J., Mottier, D., Leroyer, C. (2005). Management of suspected venous thromboembolism: the impact of a multifaceted intervention. Int J Qual Health Care 17: 433-438 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hippisley-Cox, J., Coupland, C. (2005). Effect of combinations of drugs on all cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease: nested case-control analysis. BMJ 330: 1059-1063 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Ollenschlager, G, Marshall, C, Qureshi, S, Rosenbrand, K, Burgers, J, Makela, M, Slutsky, J, for the Board of Trustees 2002, Guidelines Interna, (2004). Improving the quality of health care: using international collaboration to inform guideline programmes by founding the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N). Qual Saf Health Care 13: 455-460 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Lipman, T., Murtagh, M. J, Thomson, R. (2004). How research-conscious GPs make decisions about anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: a qualitative study. Fam Pract 21: 290-298 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Shiffman, R. N., Shekelle, P., Overhage, J M., Slutsky, J., Grimshaw, J., Deshpande, A. M. (2003). Standardized Reporting of Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization. ANN INTERN MED 139: 493-498 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Jette, D. U, Bacon, K., Batty, C., Carlson, M., Ferland, A., Hemingway, R. D, Hill, J. C, Ogilvie, L., Volk, D. (2003). Evidence-Based Practice: Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors of Physical Therapists. ptjournal 83: 786-805 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Pope, C. (2003). Resisting Evidence: The Study of Evidence-Based Medicine as a Contemporary Social Movement. Health (London) 7: 267-282 [Abstract]  
• McCormack, B. (2003). Knowing and acting -- A strategic practitioner-focused approach to nursing research and practice development. Journal of Research in Nursing 8: 86-100 [Abstract]  
• Fox, N. J. (2003). Practice-based Evidence: Towards Collaborative and Transgressive Research. Sociology 37: 81-102 [Abstract]  
• Raine, R., Haines, A., Sensky, T., Hutchings, A., Larkin, K., Black, N. (2002). Systematic review of mental health interventions for patients with common somatic symptoms: can research evidence from secondary care be extrapolated to primary care?. BMJ 325: 1082-1082 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kuilboer, M. M, van Wijk, M. A., Mosseveld, M., van der Does, E., Ponsioen, B. P, de Jongste, J. C, Overbeek, S. E, van der Lei, J. (2002). Feasibility of AsthmaCritic, a decision-support system for asthma and COPD which generates patient-specific feedback on routinely recorded data in general practice. Fam Pract 19: 442-447 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Rycroft-Malone, J, Kitson, A, Harvey, G, McCormack, B, Seers, K, Titchen, A, Estabrooks, C (2002). Ingredients for change: revisiting a conceptual framework. Qual Saf Health Care 11: 174-180 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Walsh, K, Gompertz, P H, Rudd, A G (2002). Stroke care: how do we measure quality?. Postgrad. Med. J. 78: 322-326 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Cruz-Correa, M., Gross, C. P., Canto, M. I., Cabana, M., Sampliner, R. E., Waring, J. P., McNeil-Solis, C., Powe, N. R. (2001). The Impact of Practice Guidelines in the Management of Barrett Esophagus: A National Prospective Cohort Study of Physicians. Arch Intern Med 161: 2588-2595 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Ross, F., McLaren, S., Relfeirn, S., Warwick, C. (2001). Partnerships for changing practice: Lessons from South Thames Evidence-based Practice project (STEP). Journal of Research in Nursing 6: 817-828 [Abstract]  
• Lipman, T. (2000). Power and influence in clinical effectiveness and evidence-based medicine. Fam Pract 17: 557-563 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Sim, I., Owens, D. K., Lavori, P. W., Rennels, G. D. (2000). Electronic Trial Banks: A Complementary Method for Reporting Randomized Trials. Med Decis Making 20: 440-450 [Abstract]  
• Heffner, J. E. (2000). The Overarching Challenge. Chest 118 : 1S-3S [Full text]  
• Frampton, C., Maggs, C. (2000). Critical mass in nursing and midwifery research groups in the West Midlands. Journal of Research in Nursing 5: 306-313 [Abstract]  
• Cosens, M., Ibbotson, T., Grirnshaw, J. (2000). Identifying opinion leaders in ward nurses: A pilot study. Journal of Research in Nursing 5: 148-155 [Abstract]  
• Jones, R. (2000). Primary care research: ends and means. Fam Pract 17: 1-4 [Full text]  
• Steffensen, F. H., Sorensen, H. T., Olesen, F. (1999). Diffusion of new drugs in Danish general practice. Fam Pract 16: 407-413 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Oswald, N., Bateman, H. (1999). Applying research evidence to individuals in primary care: a study using non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. Fam Pract 16: 414-419 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Lipman, T., Jones, R. (1999). Implementing findings of research revisited. Fam Pract 16: 213-215 [Full text]  
• Fender, G. R K, Prentice, A., Gorst, T., Nixon, R. M, Duffy, S. W, Day, N. E, Smith, S. K (1999). Randomised controlled trial of educational package on management of menorrhagia in primary care: the Anglia menorrhagia education study. BMJ 318: 1246-1250 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hurwitz, B. (1999). Clinical guidelines: Legal and political considerations of clinical practice guidelines. BMJ 318: 661-664 [Full text]  
• Oldenburg, B. F., Sallis, J. F., Ffrench, M. L., Owen, N. (1999). Health promotion research and the diffusion and institutionalization of interventions. Health Educ Res 14: 121-130 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Jarbrink, K., Carlsten, A., Otto Frederiksen, S. (1999). Swedish physicians' inclination to prescribe benzodiazepines: differences between regions and characteristics of the prescriber. Scand J Public Health 27: 22-29 [Abstract]  
• Pringle, M., Jones, J. (1998). Preventing ischaemic heart disease in one general practice: from one patient, through clinical audit, needs assessment, and commissioning into quality improvement • Commentary: Clinical and economic perspectives have to be integrated when selecting priorities for intervention. BMJ 317: 1120-1124 [Full text]  
• Wyatt, J. C, Paterson-Brown, S., Johanson, R., Altman, D. G, Bradburn, M. J, Fisk, N. M (1998). Randomised trial of educational visits to enhance use of systematic reviews in 25 obstetric units. BMJ 317: 1041-1046 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Grol, R., Dalhuijsen, J., Thomas, S., Veld, C. i.'t, Rutten, G., Mokkink, H. (1998). Attributes of clinical guidelines that influence use of guidelines in general practice: observational study. BMJ 317: 858-861 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Lipman, T. (1998). Discrepancies exist between general practitioners' clinical work and a guidelines implementation programme. BMJ 317: 604-604 [Full text]  
• Haines, A., Donald, A. (1998). Getting research findings into practice: Making better use of research findings. BMJ 317: 72-75 [Full text]  
• Grol, R. (1997). Personal paper: Beliefs and evidence in changing clinical practice. BMJ 315: 418-421 [Full text]  
• Bridgman, H., Carr, E. (1997). The provision of family-focused palliative care in hospital using the Delphi technique. Journal of Research in Nursing 2: 443-453 [Abstract]  
• Blackburn, C., Graham, H., Scullion, P. (1997). Disseminating research findings on women's smoking to health practitioners: findings from an evaluation study. Health Education Journal 56: 113-124 [Abstract]  
• Gill, P. S, Freemantle, N., Bero, L., Haaijer-Ruskamp, F., Markela, M., Barjesteh, K. P (1996). GPs' prescribing behaviour may be affected by drug promotion. BMJ 313: 367a-367 [Full text]  
• French, J. K, Williams, B. F, Hart, H. H, Wyatt, S., Poole, J. E, Ingram, C., Ellis, C. J, Williams, M. G, White, H. D (1996). Prospective evaluation of eligibility for thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 312: 1637-1641 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hayward, J. (1996). Promoting clinical effectiveness. BMJ 312: 1491-1492 [Full text]  
• Armstrong, D., Reyburn, H., Jones, R. (1996). A study of general practitioners' reasons for changing their prescribing behaviour. BMJ 312: 949-952 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hicks, C., Hennessy, D. (1996). Applying psychometric principles to the development of a training needs analysis questionnaire for use with health visitors, district and practice nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing 1: 442-454 [Abstract]  
• Jones, R., Lamont, T., Haines, A. (1995). Setting priorities for research and development in the NHS: a case study on the interface between primary and secondary care. BMJ 311: 1076-1080 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Mant, J., Hicks, N. (1995). Detecting differences in quality of care: the sensitivity of measures of process and outcome in treating acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 311: 793-796 [Full text]  
• Baker, R., Fraser, R. C (1995). Fortnightly Review: Development of review criteria: linking guidelines and assessment of quality. BMJ 311: 370-373 [Full text]  
• Jones, R. (1995). Why do qualitative research?. BMJ 311: 2-2 [Full text]  
• Goodare, H., Smith, R. (1995). The rights of patients in research. BMJ 310: 1277-1278 [Full text]  
• Haines, A., Iliffe, S. (1995). Innovations in services and the appliance of science. BMJ 310: 815-816 [Full text]  
• Field, J., Kinmonth, A.-L. (1995). Learning medicine in the community. BMJ 310: 343-344 [Full text]  
• Silagy, C (1994). Recent Advances:General practice. BMJ 309: 943-945 [Full text]  
• Gregory, M, Ledwith, F, Lyon, D (1994). Outcomes research in clinical practice Descriptive studies are unhelpful. BMJ 309: 412-412 [Full text]  
• Smith, R (1994). Towards a knowledge based health service. BMJ 309: 217-218 [Full text]