Published 5 March 2009, doi:10.1136/bmj.b688
Cite this as: BMJ 2009;338:b688

Research

Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort

¹ Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, and Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden, ² Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ³ Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, and Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ⁴ Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Acute and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden, ⁶ Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ⁷ Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ⁸ Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm

Objective To examine how change in level of physical activity after middle age influences mortality and to compare it with the effect of smoking cessation.

Design Population based cohort study with follow-up over 35 years.

Setting Municipality of Uppsala, Sweden.

Participants 2205 men aged 50 in 1970-3 who were re-examined at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 years.

Main outcome measure Total (all cause) mortality.

Results The absolute mortality rate was 27.1, 23.6, and 18.4 per 1000 person years in the groups with low, medium, and high physical activity, respectively. The relative rate reduction attributable to high physical activity was 32% for low and 22% for medium physical activity. Men who increased their physical activity level between the ages of 50 and 60 continued to have a higher mortality rate during the first five years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.27, compared with unchanged high physical activity). After 10 years of follow-up their increased physical activity was associated with reduced mortality to the level of men with unchanged high physical activity (1.10, 0.87 to 1.38). The reduction in mortality associated with increased physical activity (0.51, 0.26 to 0.97, compared with unchanged low physical activity) was similar to that associated with smoking cessation (0.64, 0.53 to 0.78, compared with continued smoking).

Conclusions Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity. This reduction is comparable with that associated with smoking cessation.

© Byberg et al 2009
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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