Published 10 February 2009, doi:10.1136/bmj.b231
Cite this as: BMJ 2009;338:b231

Research

Effectiveness of nurse delivered endoscopy: findings from randomised multi-institution nurse endoscopy trial (MINuET)

John Williams, professor 1, Ian Russell, professor and director 2, Dharmaraj Durai, consultant gastroenterologist3, Wai Yee Cheung, senior lecturer1, Amanda Farrin, director and principal statistician (health sciences division)4, Karen Bloor, senior research fellow5, Simon Coulton, reader in health services research6, Gerry Richardson, senior research fellow7

1 Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, 2 North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, 3 Wishaw General Hospital, Wishaw, Lanarkshire, 4 Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, 5 Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, 6 Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, 7 Centre for Health Economics and Hull York Medical School (HYMS), University of York, York

Correspondence to: J G Williams j.g.williams{at}swansea.ac.uk

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of doctors and nurses in undertaking upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Design Pragmatic trial with Zelen’s randomisation before consent to minimise distortion of existing practice.

Setting 23 hospitals in the United Kingdom. In six hospitals, nurses undertook both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, yielding a total of 29 centres.

Participants 67 doctors and 30 nurses. Of 4964 potentially eligible patients, we randomised 4128 (83%) and recruited 1888 (38%) from July 2002 to June 2003.

Interventions Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, undertaken with or without sedation, with the standard preparation, techniques, and protocols of participating hospitals. After referral for either procedure, patients were randomised between doctors and nurses.

Main outcome measures Gastrointestinal symptom rating questionnaire (primary outcome), gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction questionnaire and state-trait anxiety inventory (all analysed by intention to treat); immediate and delayed complications; quality of examination and corresponding report; patients’ preferences for operator; and new diagnoses at one year (all analysed according to who carried out the procedure).

Results There was no significant difference between groups in outcome at one day, one month, or one year after endoscopy, except that patients were more satisfied with nurses after one day. Nurses were also more thorough than doctors in examining the stomach and oesophagus. While quality of life scores were slightly better in patients the doctor group, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions Diagnostic endoscopy can be undertaken safely and effectively by nurses.

Trial registration International standard RCT 82765705


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