Published 24 October 2008, doi:10.1136/bmj.a1735
Cite this as: BMJ 2008;337:a1735

Research

Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial

¹ School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072, ² Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia, ³ Queensland Clinical Trials Centre, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, ⁴ Gait Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapies, Northern Arizona University, USA

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of foot orthoses in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome with flat inserts or physiotherapy, and to investigate the effectiveness of foot orthoses plus physiotherapy.

Design Prospective, single blind, randomised clinical trial.

Setting Single centre trial within a community setting in Brisbane, Australia.

Participants 179 participants (100 women) aged 18 to 40 years, with a clinical diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome of greater than six weeks’ duration, who had no previous treatment with foot orthoses or physiotherapy in the preceding 12 months.

Interventions Six weeks of physiotherapist intervention with off the shelf foot orthoses, flat inserts, multimodal physiotherapy (patellofemoral joint mobilisation, patellar taping, quadriceps muscle retraining, and education), or foot orthoses plus physiotherapy.

Main outcome measures Global improvement, severity of usual and worst pain over the preceding week, anterior knee pain scale, and functional index questionnaire measured at 6, 12, and 52 weeks.

Results Foot orthoses produced improvement beyond that of flat inserts in the short term, notably at six weeks (relative risk reduction 0.66, 99% confidence interval 0.05 to 1.17; NNT 4 (99% confidence interval 2 to 51). No significant differences were found between foot orthoses and physiotherapy, or between physiotherapy and physiotherapy plus orthoses. All groups showed clinically meaningful improvements in primary outcomes over 52 weeks.

Conclusion While foot orthoses are superior to flat inserts according to participants’ overall perception, they are similar to physiotherapy and do not improve outcomes when added to physiotherapy in the short term management of patellofemoral pain. Given the long term improvement observed in all treatment groups, general practitioners may seek to hasten recovery by prescribing prefabricated orthoses.

Trial registration Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012605000463673 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00118521 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .

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Relevant Article

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

C Niek van Dijk and Willem M van der Tempel
BMJ 2008 337: a1948. [Extract] [Full Text]

This article has been cited by other articles:

• van Dijk, C N., van der Tempel, W. M (2008). Patellofemoral pain syndrome. BMJ 337: a1948-a1948 [Full text]  

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