BMJ  2007;334:678 (31 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.39126.620799.55 (published 9 March 2007)

Research

Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial

¹ School of Psychology, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, ² Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, ³ Centre for the Economics of Health, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research (IMSCaR), University of Wales Bangor

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting programme as a preventive intervention with parents of preschool children considered to be at risk of developing conduct disorder.

Design Pragmatic randomised controlled trial using a block design with allocation by area.

Setting Eleven Sure Start areas in north and mid-Wales.

Participants 153 parents from socially disadvantaged areas, with children aged 36-59 months at risk of conduct disorder defined by scoring over the clinical cut off on the Eyberg child behaviour inventory. Participants were randomised on a 2:1 basis, 104 to intervention and 49 to remaining on the wait listing (control). Twenty (13%) were lost to follow-up six months later, 18 from the intervention group.

Intervention The Webster-Stratton Incredible Years basic parenting programme, a 12 week group based intervention.

Main outcome measures Problem behaviour in children and parenting skills assessed by self reports from parents and by direct observation in the home. Parents' self reported parenting competence, stress, and depression. Standardised and well validated instruments were used throughout.

Results At follow-up, most of the measures of parenting and problem behaviour in children showed significant improvement in the intervention group. The intention to treat analysis for the primary outcome measure, the Eyberg child behaviour inventory, showed a mean difference between groups of 4.4 points (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.9, P<0.001) on the problem scale with an effect size of 0.63, and a mean difference of 25.1 (14.9 to 35.2, P<0.001) on the intensity scale with an effect size of 0.89.

Conclusion This community based study showed the effectiveness of an evidence based parenting intervention delivered with fidelity by regular Sure Start staff. It has influenced policy within Wales and provides lessons for England where, to date, Sure Start programmes have not been effective.

Trial registration ISRCTN46984318

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Rapid Responses:

Read all Rapid Responses

Good parenting best bet against bad conduct

Saddichha Sahoo
bmj.com, 23 Mar 2007 [Full text]

Effective use of sure start is benficial to the society

Navin Chandra Kunigal Venugopal
bmj.com, 31 Mar 2007 [Full text]