BMJ  2003;326:1057 (17 May), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7398.1057

Paper

Environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality in a prospective study of Californians, 1960-98

¹ School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA, ² Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036, USA

Objective To measure the relation between environmental tobacco smoke, as estimated by smoking in spouses, and long term mortality from tobacco related disease.

Design Prospective cohort study covering 39 years.

Setting Adult population of California, United States.

Participants 118 094 adults enrolled in late 1959 in the American Cancer Society cancer prevention study (CPS I), who were followed until 1998. Particular focus is on the 35 561 never smokers who had a spouse in the study with known smoking habits.

Main outcome measures Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for deaths from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to smoking in spouses and active cigarette smoking.

Results For participants followed from 1960 until 1998 the age adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) for never smokers married to ever smokers compared with never smokers married to never smokers was 0.94 (0.85 to 1.05) for coronary heart disease, 0.75 (0.42 to 1.35) for lung cancer, and 1.27 (0.78 to 2.08) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among 9619 men, and 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08), 0.99 (0.72 to 1.37), and 1.13 (0.80 to 1.58), respectively, among 25 942 women. No significant associations were found for current or former exposure to environmental tobacco smoke before or after adjusting for seven confounders and before or after excluding participants with pre-existing disease. No significant associations were found during the shorter follow up periods of 1960-5, 1966-72, 1973-85, and 1973-98.

Conclusions The results do not support a causal relation between environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality, although they do not rule out a small effect. The association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease and lung cancer may be considerably weaker than generally believed.

Related Articles

Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study

Wanqing Wen, Xiao Ou Shu, Yu-Tang Gao, Gong Yang, Qi Li, Honglan Li, and Wei Zheng
BMJ 2006 333: 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Best estimates of coronary risk of passive smoking are needed

Ruoling Chen, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, and Roger Tavendale
BMJ 2004 329: 918. [Extract] [Full Text]

Five Ps in mix of public health advocacy

Niyi Awofeso
BMJ 2004 328: 110. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Study was flawed from outset

Jayant Sharad Vaidya
BMJ 2003 327: 501. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Passive smoking: Wider evidence needs to be interpreted

Julia Critchley
BMJ 2003 327: 501. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Paper does not diminish conclusion of previous reports

Allan Hackshaw
BMJ 2003 327: 501-502. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Inverse correlation of smoking and education should have raised suspicion

John H Glaser
BMJ 2003 327: 502. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Secondhand smoke does cause respiratory disease

A J Hedley, T H Lam, S M McGhee, G M Leung, and M Pow
BMJ 2003 327: 502. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Doubts about effectiveness of age adjustment

Eugene Milne
BMJ 2003 327: 502. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Tobacco industry publishes disinformation

Michael J Thun
BMJ 2003 327: 502-503. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Peer review and press release

Ronald M Davis
BMJ 2003 327: 503. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Agreeing the limits of conflicts of interest

Richard Horton
BMJ 2003 327: 503. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Background must be examined

Martin McKee
BMJ 2003 327: 503. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Summary of rapid responses

Alison Tonks
BMJ 2003 327: 505. [Extract] [Full Text]

Passive smoking: Comment from the editor

Richard Smith
BMJ 2003 327: 505. [Extract] [Full Text]

Effect of passive smoking on health

George Davey Smith
BMJ 2003 326: 1048-1049. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Tong, E. K., Glantz, S. A. (2007). Tobacco Industry Efforts Undermining Evidence Linking Secondhand Smoke With Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 116: 1845-1854 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Taylor, R., Najafi, F., Dobson, A. (2007). Meta-analysis of studies of passive smoking and lung cancer: effects of study type and continent. Int J Epidemiol 36: 1048-1059 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hill, S. E., Blakely, T., Kawachi, I., Woodward, A. (2007). Mortality among Lifelong Nonsmokers Exposed to Secondhand Smoke at Home: Cohort Data and Sensitivity Analyses. Am J Epidemiol 165: 530-540 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Zhou, W., Heist, R. S., Liu, G., Asomaning, K., Miller, D. P., Neuberg, D. S., Wain, J. C., Lynch, T. J., Christiani, D. C. (2006). Second Hand Smoke Exposure and Survival in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 7187-7193 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Stranges, S., Bonner, M. R., Fucci, F., Cummings, K. M., Freudenheim, J. L., Dorn, J. M., Muti, P., Giovino, G. A., Hyland, A., Trevisan, M. (2006). Lifetime cumulative exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of myocardial infarction in never smokers: results from the Western new york health study, 1995-2001.. Arch Intern Med 166: 1961-1967 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Wen, W., Shu, X. O., Gao, Y.-T., Yang, G., Li, Q., Li, H., Zheng, W. (2006). Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study. BMJ 333: 376- [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Schick, S, Glantz, S (2005). Philip Morris toxicological experiments with fresh sidestream smoke: more toxic than mainstream smoke. Tobacco Control 14: 396-404 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Barnoya, J., Glantz, S. A. (2005). Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking. Circulation 111: 2684-2698 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Bero, L A, Glantz, S, Hong, M-K (2005). The limits of competing interest disclosures. Tobacco Control 14: 118-126 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Tong, E. K., England, L., Glantz, S. A. (2005). Changing Conclusions on Secondhand Smoke in a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Review Funded by the Tobacco Industry. Pediatrics 115: e356-e366 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Ungar, S., Bray, D. (2005). Silencing science: partisanship and the career of a publication disputing the dangers of secondhand smoke. Public Understanding of Science 14: 5-23 [Abstract]  
• Toh, C.-K., Wong, E.-H., Lim, W.-T., Leong, S.-S., Fong, K.-W., Wee, J., Tan, E.-H. (2004). The Impact of Smoking Status on the Behavior and Survival Outcome of Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis. Chest 126: 1750-1756 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Chen, R., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Tavendale, R. (2004). Best estimates of coronary risk of passive smoking are needed. BMJ 329: 918-918 [Full text]  
• Whincup, P. H, Gilg, J. A, Emberson, J. R, Jarvis, M. J, Feyerabend, C., Bryant, A., Walker, M., Cook, D. G (2004). Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: prospective study with cotinine measurement. BMJ 329: 200-205 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Pechacek, T. F, Babb, S. (2004). How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke?. BMJ 328: 980-983 [Full text]  
• Alderson, P. (2004). Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ 328: 476-477 [Full text]  
• Awofeso, N. (2004). Five Ps in mix of public health advocacy. BMJ 328: 110-110 [Full text]  
• Vaidya, J. S. (2003). Passive smoking: Study was flawed from outset. BMJ 327: 501-501 [Full text]  
• Glaser, J. H (2003). Passive smoking: Inverse correlation of smoking and education should have raised suspicion. BMJ 327: 502-502 [Full text]  
• Davis, R. M (2003). Passive smoking: Peer review and press release. BMJ 327: 503-503 [Full text]  
• Tonks, A. (2003). Passive smoking: Summary of rapid responses. BMJ 327: 505-505 [Full text]  
• Critchley, J. (2003). Passive smoking: Wider evidence needs to be interpreted. BMJ 327: 501-501 [Full text]  
• Hackshaw, A. (2003). Passive smoking: Paper does not diminish conclusion of previous reports. BMJ 327: 501-502 [Full text]  
• Hedley, A J, Lam, T H, McGhee, S M, Leung, G M, Pow, M (2003). Passive smoking: Secondhand smoke does cause respiratory disease. BMJ 327: 502-502 [Full text]  
• Milne, E. (2003). Passive smoking: Doubts about effectiveness of age adjustment. BMJ 327: 502-502 [Full text]  
• Thun, M. J (2003). Passive smoking: Tobacco industry publishes disinformation. BMJ 327: 502-503 [Full text]  
• Horton, R. (2003). Passive smoking: Agreeing the limits of conflicts of interest. BMJ 327: 503-503 [Full text]  
• McKee, M. (2003). Passive smoking: Background must be examined. BMJ 327: 503-503 [Full text]  
• Smith, R. (2003). Passive smoking: Comment from the editor. BMJ 327: 505-505 [Full text]  
• (2003). Polemic and public health. CMAJ 169: 181-181 [Full text]  
• (2003). Polemique et sante publique. CMAJ 169: 183-183 [Full text]  
• (2003). Secondhand Smoke: Have We Been Overestimating the Risks?. Journal Watch Cardiology 2003: 7-7 [Full text]  
• Anczak, J. D., Nogler, R. A. II (2003). Tobacco Cessation in Primary Care: Maximizing Intervention Strategies. Clin Med Res 1: 201-216 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• (2003). Secondhand Smoke: Have We Been Overestimating the Risks?. JWatch General 2003: 8-8 [Full text]  
• Smith, R. (2003). Editorial misconduct. BMJ 326: 1224-1225 [Full text]  
• Davey Smith, G. (2003). Effect of passive smoking on health. BMJ 326: 1048-1049 [Full text]  

Rapid Responses:

Read all Rapid Responses

Need for clarification on competing interest

Martin McKee
bmj.com, 15 May 2003 [Full text]

Flawed study from the outset

Jayant S Vaidya
bmj.com, 16 May 2003 [Full text]

Risks for passive smoking are likely to be underestimated.

Trevor LP Watts
bmj.com, 16 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Second-hand smokescreens

Brian David Porter, et al.
bmj.com, 16 May 2003 [Full text]

Irresponsible journalism

Dominic C Horne
bmj.com, 16 May 2003 [Full text]

Agreeing the limits of conflict of interest

richard horton
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Editorial responsibility to publish sound science

Trish A Fraser
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

BMA Turns Tabloid

Dale Jackaman
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Evidence Based Medicine?

Stephen Novick
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

The letter BMJ failed to write

Pascal A. Diethelm
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Unproven health impact of environmental smoke: A study with low statistical power

Parthasarathy K S
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

ETS - Interpretation of the wider evidence

Julia A Critchley
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Seondhand Smoke Study is Seriously Flawed

Marty Eckrem
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics

Richard EK Russell
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Timing of publication

Jephat Chifamba
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Irresponsible public health message

Sabina Fatima Hussain
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

California-smoky offices, windows open at home most of the year ....

HS Roberts
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Give them enough rope

Daniel F. Hass
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Irresponsible journalism

Ellen C G Grant
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

what does this add?

Paul M Jones
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Swimming with sharks

Paul S McDonald
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Biggest impact on developing countries

Judith M Mackay
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

some thoughts

martin heilweil, PhD
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Study Objective Flawed--Fatally

Stephen J. Jay
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Agreeing the limits of conflict of interest

Clive D Bates
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Need for clarification on competing interest

Geoffrey C Kabat
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Nothing new from the antismoking front

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

Reply to Bates

Tony Delamothe
bmj.com, 17 May 2003 [Full text]

From hero to pariah in one easy jump

Richard Smith
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Children are not exposed to parental smoke??!!

Andrew J Fall
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

What in the world were you thinking?

Sera Kirk
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Nothing new from the antismoking front

David F. Copeland
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

FINALLY !! Truth Comes Out of the Closet.

Stephen Hartwell
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Funding by EPA,, CDC, WHO equally "tainted"

Natalie P.R. Sirkin
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

When conflict of interest becomes unacceptable

Deborah Arnott
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Did non-smokers REALLY avoid

Simon Chapman
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Nothing new from the antismoking front

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Whither epidemiologic reporting?

Gio B. Gori
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Consistency - science for sale?

John R. Polito
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

Tobacco Toxicity

Ken B. Jones
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

BMJ-comic or respectable journal?

Raj Thakkar
bmj.com, 18 May 2003 [Full text]

WHAT THE HELL HAVE THESE PEOPLE BEEN SMOKIN'?

Errol E. POVAH
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

4 Questions, 2 comments

tOM Trottier, et al.
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Another "competing interest" of James Enstrom

Robert S. Broughton
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

RESPONSE TO PAPER ON PASSIVE SMOKING

Christopher W IDE
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Science as PR

Gene Borio
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

A "passive smoke" observation

Robert I. Rudolph, M.D., FACP
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Remember "Frank Statement to Smokers"?

Joanne L. Addison
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Bully for the BMJ

Bryce C. Peterson, M.D.
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Six Key Issues

Ronald M. Davis
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

The bottom line

Andrew S Furber
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

What killer? Let’s call things with their name.

Gian L. Turci
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

environmental tobacco smoke paper requires further benefits from critical appraisal

Rosemary Fox, et al.
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

BMJ, Impact Factor and Irresponsible Journalism: A 'nasty' nexus?

Zubair Kabir
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Adequacy of age-adjustment?

Eugene Milne
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Response to Simon Chapman

Michael J Thun
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Why The Double Standard?

Dave Hitt
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

Pots calling kettles black

GH Hall
bmj.com, 19 May 2003 [Full text]

SARS causes no harm

Jonathan P. Krueger
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Reply to ASH - please be more careful in future

James A Delphi
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Inverse effect can be explained

Wiel Maessen
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Freedom

Crystal L Pherson
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

More details on competing interests

Martin McKee, et al.
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

A very interesting coincidence

ELIF DAGLI
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Confirmation: Secondhand smoke does cause respiratory disease

Anthony J Hedley, et al.
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Tobacco cartel wants to create a "controversy"

Joseph Cherner
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Adequacy of age-adjustment - a hypothesis

Eugene Milne
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

An American Cancer Society Perspective

Michael J. Thun
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Defining a set of difficult issues

richard horton
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

Read peer review comments

Kamran Abbasi
bmj.com, 20 May 2003 [Full text]

The Correlation of Smoking and Deep Breathing

Bernard X. Bovasso, et al.
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Reviewers' comments

Martin McKee
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Apology Requested

William T Godshall
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Jumping out of a 3rd storey window "may not kill" either...

Peter J Flegg
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Read peer review comments

Kamran Abbasi
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Defining a set of difficult issues

Zubair Kabir
bmj.com, 21 May 2003 [Full text]

Old habits new diseases?

Teresa Ramos
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Science as PR....Bravo, Gene!

Errol E. POVAH
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Inverse effect can be explained

Adam Jacobs
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Why am I dying from lung cancer caused by second-hand smoke?

Heather S. Crowe
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

It's not always easy

James W Austin
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Flawed Study on Passive Smoking

Michael J. Martin
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

PUT YOUR LUNGS WHERE YOUR MOUTH IS

Emanuel Goldman
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Why The Double Standard?

M. L. Herrin
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

"Serious misclassification of exposure"

Pascal A. Diethelm
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Judging Research

freda lee nason
bmj.com, 22 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Six Key Issues

Emma L Dickinson
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Lost Credibility

Christopher Lovelidge, et al.
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Response to McKee and Diethelm

Geoffrey C Kabat
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

The 'overwhelming evidence' for the links between ETS and lung cancer and heart disease

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Why am I dying from lung cancer caused by second-hand smoke?

Wiel Maessen
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Judging Research

Nigel R Winterbottom
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Inverse effect can be explained

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

What are the tobacco manufacturers saying?

Andrew S Furber
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Response to James Austin

Simon Chapman
bmj.com, 23 May 2003 [Full text]

Smoke: Cancer ingredients or not

George F Sedlacek
bmj.com, 24 May 2003 [Full text]

The Confounding Urban Factor

David W. Kuneman
bmj.com, 24 May 2003 [Full text]

Misleading the public about secondhand smoke ... Again

Lisa A Bero, et al.
bmj.com, 24 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Response to McKee and Diethelm

Malcolm X. McGarrity
bmj.com, 27 May 2003 [Full text]

Response to Simon Chapman

James W Austin
bmj.com, 25 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Misleading the public about secondhand smoke ... Again

B.J. Allen
bmj.com, 25 May 2003 [Full text]

Wrong conclusion

William Carey
bmj.com, 25 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Misleading the public about secondhand smoke ... Again

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 27 May 2003 [Full text]

Do any of the "non-smokers" smoke?

John H. Glaser
bmj.com, 26 May 2003 [Full text]

Research Bias and Science

Michael J. McFadden
bmj.com, 26 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: An American Cancer Society Perspective

Daniel Forrest
bmj.com, 29 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Do any of the "non-smokers" smoke?

John H. Glaser
bmj.com, 29 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Inverse effect can be explained

Adam Jacobs
bmj.com, 29 May 2003 [Full text]

Re: Defining a set of difficult issues

Beverly A. HARRIS
bmj.com, 29 May 2003 [Full text]

Cohort bias in the analysis of Californian passive smoking

Eugene Milne
bmj.com, 29 May 2003 [Full text]

Why the study?

Joshua E. Muscat
bmj.com, 30 May 2003 [Full text]

Passive smoking: Why all the fuss?

Jeffrey J Johnstone
bmj.com, 30 May 2003 [Full text]

Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer

Allan Hackshaw, et al.
bmj.com, 30 May 2003 [Full text]

CONTEXT & COMMON SENSE--or: "2nd-HAND POISON'S OK. REALLY!..."

Rick Bernardo
bmj.com, 30 May 2003 [Full text]

'Fac Ut Gaudeam' : By Dr Joseph Obi

Joseph .C. Obi
bmj.com, 1 Jun 2003 [Full text]

On the objectivism of science

Kurt J. Zuckermann
bmj.com, 2 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Re: On the objectivism of science

John H. Glaser
bmj.com, 3 Jun 2003 [Full text]

health as a confounding factor?

Elliot S Jerud
bmj.com, 3 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Anachronism

Matti A Keski-Korpela
bmj.com, 4 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Congratulations!

Ken S. Honbo
bmj.com, 5 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Article Response and Response to Comments

Scott J. Leischow
bmj.com, 5 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Lung Cancer Without Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Sheldon B. Ungar
bmj.com, 5 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Science: Talking the talk, or walking the walk?

Rick Bernardo
bmj.com, 10 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Editorial U-Turn on Secondhand Smoke "Controversy"?

Gene Gene
bmj.com, 11 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Re: Science: Talking the talk, or walking the walk?

Stuart Goldbarg
bmj.com, 12 Jun 2003 [Full text]

The anti-smokers lie about smoking and health

Carol AS Thompson
bmj.com, 12 Jun 2003 [Full text]

A final thought....

Michael J. McFadden
bmj.com, 16 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Publication in BMJ of Tobacco-funded "research"

Stan R Blecher
bmj.com, 20 Jun 2003 [Full text]

What do we learn from this research?

Ralf Krumkamp
bmj.com, 21 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Gori replies to Leishow about Enstrom, Kabat, and beyond

Gio B. Gori
bmj.com, 25 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Requesting Media Information from Interested Readers…

Sheldon Ungar, et al.
bmj.com, 25 Jun 2003 [Full text]

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Disease: No Doubt Remains

Terry F. Pechacek, et al.
bmj.com, 10 Jul 2003 [Full text]

Tobacco : what about Belgium

Christophe De Brouwer, et al.
bmj.com, 11 Jul 2003 [Full text]

The Case of the Footnote Wagging the Article

Phillip S. Gardiner, et al.
bmj.com, 19 Aug 2003 [Full text]

Thank you

Mark W. Volovar
bmj.com, 9 Sep 2003 [Full text]

Second-Hand Smokescreen

Hugh McGrath Jr.
bmj.com, 16 Sep 2003 [Full text]

Family history?

yogi sehgal
bmj.com, 25 Sep 2003 [Full text]

Smoking and lung cancer: dose-response and combined exposure i.e. asbestos

John H. Lange
bmj.com, 29 Sep 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Inverse effect can be explained

Wiel Maessen
bmj.com, 30 Nov 2003 [Full text]

Public Health Advocacy and its Five Ps

Niyi Awofeso
bmj.com, 3 Dec 2003 [Full text]

A question...

C.A. Caldwell
bmj.com, 11 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: A question...

Adam Jacobs
bmj.com, 13 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: A question...

Pete Petrakis, Ph.D., M.P.H.
bmj.com, 14 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: A question...

Adam Jacobs
bmj.com, 15 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Re: A question...

Pete Petrakis, Ph.D., M.P.H.
bmj.com, 16 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Re: A question...

C.A. Caldwell
bmj.com, 16 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: A question...

Pete Petrakis, Ph.D., M.P.H.
bmj.com, 17 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: A question...

C.A. Caldwell
bmj.com, 24 Dec 2003 [Full text]

Re: Re: Re: Re: A question...

Wiel M Maessen
bmj.com, 15 Jan 2004 [Full text]

Re. Re. Re. Re.....

Gio B. Gori
bmj.com, 21 Jan 2004 [Full text]

Re: Why am I dying from lung cancer caused by second-hand smoke?

lynda duguay
bmj.com, 3 Jul 2004 [Full text]

A Sociological Study of the Responses to Enstrom & Kabat

Sheldon B. Ungar, et al.
bmj.com, 17 Dec 2004 [Full text]

Environmental tobacco smoke: formulating public health policy for environmental carcinogens

Morris Greenberg
bmj.com, 30 Aug 2005 [Full text]

Re: Six Key Issues

Belinda Cunnison
bmj.com, 5 Dec 2005 [Full text]

Updated Meta-Analysis on ETS and CHD Mortality in the US

James E Enstrom, et al.
bmj.com, 24 Jan 2006 [Full text]

Enstrom & Kabat's Exposure Assessment Flawed

James L. Repace
bmj.com, 25 Jan 2006 [Full text]

Re: Enstrom & Kabat's Exposure Assessment Flawed

Walt Cody
bmj.com, 18 Mar 2006 [Full text]

Professor Sir Richard Peto and the House of Lords

James E Enstrom
bmj.com, 26 Aug 2006 [Full text]

Is the goal of TC to reduce mortality, or to protect the consensus view

Kevin M. Mulvina
bmj.com, 15 Aug 2006 [Full text]

Defending Legitimate Epidemiologic Research

James E. Enstrom
bmj.com, 27 Sep 2006 [Full text]

Risk and Cotinine: A reply to Mr. Cody

James L. Repace
bmj.com, 29 Sep 2006 [Full text]

Re: Risk and Cotinine: A reply to Mr. Cody

Kevin Mulvina
bmj.com, 24 Nov 2006 [Full text]

General response

David C Atherton
bmj.com, 27 May 2007 [Full text]

Combating Lysenko Pseudoscience

James E Enstrom, et al.
bmj.com, 16 Oct 2007 [Full text]

Re: Combating Lysenko Pseudoscience

Kamal Chaouachi
bmj.com, 27 Oct 2007 [Full text]

Let Us Ban Smoking Bans

kerry p. labat junior
bmj.com, 22 Nov 2007 [Full text]

The real threat to epidemiology's integrity

William L Holden
bmj.com, 19 Jan 2008 [Full text]

The 3,000 claim

thomas r knapp
bmj.com, 6 Feb 2008 [Full text]

A clear response from an insider

Richard A. Marden
bmj.com, 7 Feb 2008 [Full text]