Papers

Influences on hospital admission for asthma in south Asian and white adults: qualitative interview study

Chris Griffiths, reader in primary care, ^a Gurmit Kaur, researcher, ^a Madeleine Gantley, senior lecturer, ^a Gene Feder, professor of primary care research and development, ^a Sheila Hillier, professor of medical sociology, ^b Jill Goddard, asthma specialist nurse, ^c Geoff Packe, consultant chest physician. ^c

^a Department of General Practice and Primary Care, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 4NS, ^b Department of Human Science and Medical Ethics, Royal London Hospital, London E1 2AD, ^c Newham General Hospital, London E13 8RU

Correspondence to: C Griffiths c.j.griffiths{at}mds.qmw.ac.uk

Objective: To explore reasons for increased risk of hospital admission among south Asian patients with asthma.
Design: Qualitative interview study using modified critical incident technique and framework analysis.
Setting: Newham, east London, a deprived area with a large mixed south Asian population.
Participants: 58 south Asian and white adults with asthma (49 admitted to hospital with asthma, 9 not admitted); 17 general practitioners; 5 accident and emergency doctors; 2 out of hours general practitioners; 1 asthma specialist nurse.
Main outcome measures: Patients' and health professionals' views on influences on admission, events leading to admission, general practices' organisation and asthma strategies, doctor-patient relationship, and cultural attitudes to asthma.
Results: South Asian and white patients admitted to hospital coped differently with asthma. South Asians described less confidence in controlling their asthma, were unfamiliar with the concept of preventive medication, and often expressed less confidence in their general practitioner. South Asians managed asthma exacerbations with family advocacy, without systematic changes in prophylaxis, and without systemic corticosteroids. Patients describing difficulty accessing primary care during asthma exacerbations were registered with practices with weak strategies for asthma care and were often south Asian. Patients with easy access described care suggesting partnerships with their general practitioner, had better confidence to control asthma, and were registered with practices with well developed asthma strategies that included policies for avoiding hospital admission.
Conclusions: The different ways of coping with asthma exacerbations and accessing care may partly explain the increased risk of hospital admission in south Asian patients. Interventions that increase confidence to control asthma, confidence in the general practitioner, understanding of preventive treatment, and use of systemic corticosteroids in exacerbations may reduce hospital admissions. Development of more sophisticated asthma strategies by practices with better access and partnerships with patients may also achieve this.