Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: population based series of cross sectional studies

doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7282.326

BMJ 2001;322:326 ( 10 February )

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Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: population based series of cross sectional studies

Peter Bundred, reader in primary care, ^a Denise Kitchiner, consultant paediatric cardiologist, ^b Iain Buchan, specialist registrar in public health. ^c

^a University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, ^b Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Liverpool L12 7AP, ^c West Hertfordshire Health Authority, St Albans, Hertfordshire AL1 3ER

Correspondence to: P Bundred peterb{at}liv.ac.uk

Objective: To determine trends in weight, height, andbody mass index in children between 1989 and1998.
Design: Retrospective series of cross sectional studiesof routinely collecteddata.
Setting: Primary care in the Wirral HealthAuthority.
Participants: 35 662 infants aged 1-3 months (representing88% of live births) and 28 768 children aged 2.9-4.0 years. 21582 infants and children (25.1%) were excluded because of missingor inaccuratedata.
Main outcome measures: Weight, height, sex, and age routinely recordedby health visitors. Height, weight, and body mass index standardisedfor age and sex. SD score >1.04 for body mass index (>85th centile)was defined as overweight and >1.64 (>95th centile) as obese.Body mass index was not calculated in infants as it is difficulttointerpret.
Results: From 1989 to 1998 there was a highly significantincreasing trend in the proportion of overweight children (14.7%to 23.6%; P<0.001) and obese children (5.4% to 9.2%; P<0.001).There was also a highly significant increasing trend in the meanSD score for weight (0.05 to 0.29; P<0.001) and body mass index( $-$ 0.15 to 0.31; P<0.001) but not height. Infants showed a smallbut significantly increasing trend in mean SD score for weight( $-$ 0.17 to $-$ 0.05; P=0.005).
Conclusions: From 1989 to 1998 there was a highly significantincrease in weight and body mass index in children under 4 yearsof age. Routinely collected data are valuable in identifying anthropometrictrends inpopulations.

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