BMJ 2000;320:1240 ( 6 May )

Papers

Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey

Tim J Cole, professor of medical statisticsa Mary C Bellizzi, health policy officerb Katherine M Flegal, senior research scientistc William H Dietz, directord

a Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, b International Obesity Task Force Secretariat, London NW1 2NS, c National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville MD 20782, USA, d Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30341-3724, USA

Correspondence to: T J Cole tim.cole{at}ich.ucl.ac.uk

Objective: To develop an internationally acceptable definition of child overweight and obesity, specifying the measurement, the reference population, and the age and sex specific cut off points.
Design: International survey of six large nationally representative cross sectional growth studies.
Setting: Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the United States.
Subjects: 97 876 males and 94 851 females from birth to 25 years of age.
Main outcome measure: Body mass index (weight/height2).
Results: For each of the surveys, centile curves were drawn that at age 18 years passed through the widely used cut off points of 25 and 30 kg/m2 for adult overweight and obesity. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age and sex specific cut off points from 2-18 years.
Conclusions: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.



© BMJ 2000

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?

Relevant Articles

Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study
Patricia Herold Gallego, Maria E Craig, Stephen Hing, and Kim C Donaghue
BMJ 2008 337: a918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Do overweight children necessarily make overweight adults? Repeated cross sectional annual nationwide survey of Japanese girls and women over nearly six decades
Ikuko Funatogawa, Takashi Funatogawa, and Eiji Yano
BMJ 2008 337: a802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents
Noël Cameron
BMJ 2007 335: 166-167. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey
Tim J Cole, Katherine M Flegal, Dasha Nicholls, and Alan A Jackson
BMJ 2007 335: 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Obesity association clarifies definitions of obesity and links with drug firms
Neville Rigby
BMJ 2006 333: 44. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain
Jane Wardle, Naomi Henning Brodersen, Tim J Cole, Martin J Jarvis, and David R Boniface
BMJ 2006 332: 1130-1135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity
Janis Baird, David Fisher, Patricia Lucas, Jos Kleijnen, Helen Roberts, and Catherine Law
BMJ 2005 331: 929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Single definition of overweight and obesity should be used
Susan A Jebb and Andrew M Prentice
BMJ 2001 323: 999. [Extract] [Full Text]

Standard definition of child overweight and obesity worldwide
Youfa Wang, Joanna Q Wang, Therese Hesketh, Qu Jian Ding, Jean Mulligan, and Sanjay Kinra
BMJ 2000 321: 1158. [Extract] [Full Text]

Defining an international standard for overweight and obesity in childhood
BMJ 2000 320: 0. [Full Text]

This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Sabbe, D., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Legiest, E., Maes, L. (2008). A cluster-analytical approach towards physical activity and eating habits among 10-year-old children. Health Educ Res 23: 753-762 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Schermer, T. R. J., Smeele, I. J. M., Thoonen, B. P. A., Lucas, A. E. M., Grootens, J. G., van Boxem, T. J., Heijdra, Y. F., van Weel, C. (2008). Current clinical guideline definitions of airflow obstruction and COPD overdiagnosis in primary care. Eur Respir J 32: 945-952 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Liem, E. T., Sauer, P. J. J., Oldehinkel, A. J., Stolk, R. P. (2008). Association Between Depressive Symptoms in Childhood and Adolescence and Overweight in Later Life: Review of the Recent Literature. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 981-988 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Kontogianni, M. D., Vidra, N., Farmaki, A.-E., Koinaki, S., Belogianni, K., Sofrona, S., Magkanari, F., Yannakoulia, M. (2008). Adherence Rates to the Mediterranean Diet Are Low in a Representative Sample of Greek Children and Adolescents. J. Nutr. 138: 1951-1956 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Lagstrom, H., Hakanen, M., Niinikoski, H., Viikari, J., Ronnemaa, T., Saarinen, M., Pahkala, K., Simell, O. (2008). Growth Patterns and Obesity Development in Overweight or Normal-Weight 13-Year-Old Adolescents: The STRIP Study. Pediatrics 122: e876-e883 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Simonetti, G. D., Raio, L., Surbek, D., Nelle, M., Frey, F. J., Mohaupt, M. G. (2008). Salt Sensitivity of Children With Low Birth Weight. Hypertension 52: 625-630 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Langens, F., Dapper, T., Nuboer, R., van Weel, C., van Binsbergen, J. (2008). Co-morbidity obese children in family practice in The Netherlands: the results of a pilot study. Fam Pract 0: cmn062v1-cmn062 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Li, L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Lo Conte, R., Power, C. (2008). Child-to-Adult Body Mass Index and Height Trajectories: A Comparison of 2 British Birth Cohorts. Am J Epidemiol 0: kwn227v1-kwn227 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Buyken, A. E, Cheng, G., Gunther, A. L., Liese, A. D, Remer, T., Karaolis-Danckert, N. (2008). Relation of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, added sugar intake, or fiber intake to the development of body composition between ages 2 and 7 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88: 755-762 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Flouris, A. D., Faught, B. E., Klentrou, P. (2008). Cardiovascular disease risk in adolescent smokers: evidence of a `smoker lifestyle'. J Child Health Care 12: 221-231 [Abstract]  
  • Kamtsios, S., Digelidis, N. (2008). Physical activity levels, exercise attitudes, self-perceptions and BMI type of 11 to 12-year-old children. J Child Health Care 12: 232-240 [Abstract]  
  • Braet, C., Claus, L., Goossens, L., Moens, E., Van Vlierberghe, L., Soetens, B. (2008). Differences in Eating Style between Overweight and Normal-Weight Youngsters. J Health Psychol 13: 733-743 [Abstract]  
  • Groholt, E.-K., Stigum, H., Nordhagen, R. (2008). Overweight and obesity among adolescents in Norway: cultural and socio-economic differences. J Public Health (Oxf) 30: 258-265 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Mellecker, R. R., McManus, A. M. (2008). Energy Expenditure and Cardiovascular Responses to Seated and Active Gaming in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 886-891 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Gallego, P. H., Craig, M. E, Hing, S., Donaghue, K. C (2008). Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study. BMJ 337: a918-a918 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Funatogawa, I., Funatogawa, T., Yano, E. (2008). Do overweight children necessarily make overweight adults? Repeated cross sectional annual nationwide survey of Japanese girls and women over nearly six decades. BMJ 337: a802-a802 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Silva, A. M, Heymsfield, S. B, Gallagher, D., Albu, J., Pi-Sunyer, X. F, Pierson, R. N Jr, Wang, J., Heshka, S., Sardinha, L. B, Wang, Z. (2008). Evaluation of between-methods agreement of extracellular water measurements in adults and children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88: 315-323 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Mardones, F., Villarroel, L., Karzulovic, L., Barja, S., Arnaiz, P., Taibo, M., Mardones-Restat, F. (2008). Association of perinatal factors and obesity in 6- to 8-year-old Chilean children. Int J Epidemiol 37: 902-910 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Pietrobelli, A., Cuevas Espinoza, M., De Cristofaro, P. (2008). Childhood Obesity: Looking Into the Future. ANGIOLOGY 59: 30S-33S [Abstract]  
  • Rodriguez-Moran, M, Guerrero-Romero, F (2008). Serum magnesium and C-reactive protein levels. Arch. Dis. Child. 93: 676-680 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Gray, L., Leyland, A. H. (2008). Overweight status and psychological well-being in adolescent boys and girls: a multilevel analysis. Eur J Public Health 0: ckn044v1-ckn044 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • de Kroon, M. L. A., Renders, C. M., Kuipers, E. C. C., van Wouwe, J. P., van Buuren, S., de Jonge, G. A., Hirasing, R. A. (2008). Identifying metabolic syndrome without blood tests in young adults--The Terneuzen Birth Cohort. Eur J Public Health 0: ckn056v1-ckn056 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Carnell, S., Wardle, J. (2008). Appetite and adiposity in children: evidence for a behavioral susceptibility theory of obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88: 22-29 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Lewis, S. J, Lawlor, D. A, Nordestgaard, B. G, Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Ebrahim, S., Zacho, J., Ness, A., Leary, S., Smith, G. D. (2008). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and the risk of obesity in three large population-based cohorts.. Eur J Endocrinol 159: 35-40 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Popkin, B. M. (2008). Will China's Nutrition Transition Overwhelm Its Health Care System And Slow Economic Growth?. Health Aff (Millwood) 27: 1064-1076 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Brunt, H., Lester, N., Davies, G., Williams, R. (2008). Childhood overweight and obesity: is the gap closing the wrong way?. J Public Health (Oxf) 30: 145-152 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Balakrishnan, R., Webster, P., Sinclair, D. (2008). Trends in overweight and obesity among 5-7-year-old White and South Asian children born between 1991 and 1999. J Public Health (Oxf) 30: 139-144 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Maffeis, C., Manfredi, R., Trombetta, M., Sordelli, S., Storti, M., Benuzzi, T., Bonadonna, R. C. (2008). Insulin Sensitivity Is Correlated with Subcutaneous but Not Visceral Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 2122-2128 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Reinehr, T., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Roth, C. L. (2008). Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Its Relation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Children before and after Weight Loss. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 2287-2293 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Denney-Wilson, E., Hardy, L. L., Dobbins, T., Okely, A. D., Baur, L. A. (2008). Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Australian Adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 566-573 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Field, A. E., Javaras, K. M., Aneja, P., Kitos, N., Camargo, C. A. Jr, Taylor, C. B., Laird, N. M. (2008). Family, Peer, and Media Predictors of Becoming Eating Disordered. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 574-579 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Parkkari, J, Pasanen, K, Mattila, V M, Kannus, P, Rimpela, A (2008). The risk for a cruciate ligament injury of the knee in adolescents and young adults: a population-based cohort study of 46 500 people with a 9 year follow-up. Br. J. Sports. Med. 42: 422-426 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Wake, M, Hardy, P, Sawyer, M G, Carlin, J B (2008). Comorbities of overweight/obesity in Australian preschoolers: a cross-sectional population study. Arch. Dis. Child. 93: 502-507 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Tsiros, M. D, Sinn, N., Brennan, L., Coates, A. M, Walkley, J. W, Petkov, J., Howe, P. R., Buckley, J. D (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy improves diet and body composition in overweight and obese adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 1134-1140 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • McCaffrey, T. A, Rennie, K. L, Kerr, M. A, Wallace, J. M, Hannon-Fletcher, M. P, Coward, W A., Jebb, S. A, E Livingstone, M B. (2008). Energy density of the diet and change in body fatness from childhood to adolescence; is there a relation?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 1230-1237 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Karaolis-Danckert, N., Buyken, A. E, Kulig, M., Kroke, A., Forster, J., Kamin, W., Schuster, A., Hornberg, C., Keil, T., Bergmann, R. L, Wahn, U., Lau, S. (2008). How pre- and postnatal risk factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood on subsequent fat mass development: results from the Multicenter Allergy Study 90. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 1356-1364 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Warnberg, J., Moreno, L. A., Carrero, J. J., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Marcos, A., Gutierrez, A., Sjostrom, M. (2008). Inflammatory Proteins and Muscle Strength in Adolescents: The AVENA Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 462-468 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Hanberger, L., Samuelsson, U., Lindblad, B., Ludvigsson, J. (2008). A1C in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes in Relation to Certain Clinical Parameters: The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry SWEDIABKIDS. Diabetes Care 31: 927-929 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Thomas, N-E, Baker, J S, Graham, M R, Cooper, S-M, Davies, B (2008). C-reactive protein in schoolchildren and its relation to adiposity, physical activity, aerobic fitness and habitual diet. Br. J. Sports. Med. 42: 357-360 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Bouhours-Nouet, N., Dufresne, S., de Casson, F. B., Mathieu, E., Douay, O., Gatelais, F., Rouleau, S., Coutant, R. (2008). High Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Weight Gain Protect Obese Children and Adolescents From Truncal Adiposity and Insulin Resistance: Metabolically healthy but obese subjects?. Diabetes Care 31: 1031-1036 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Shiri, R., Solovieva, S., Husgafvel-Pursiainen, K., Taimela, S., Saarikoski, L. A., Huupponen, R., Viikari, J., Raitakari, O. T., Viikari-Juntura, E. (2008). The Association between Obesity and the Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Am J Epidemiol 167: 1110-1119 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Hawkins, S S, Griffiths, L J, Cole, T J, Dezateux, C, Law, C, the Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group, (2008). Regional differences in overweight: an effect of people or place?. Arch. Dis. Child. 93: 407-413 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Ohlund, I., Lind, T., Hornell, A., Hernell, O. (2008). Predictors of iron status in well-nourished 4-y-old children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 839-845 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Johnson, L., Mander, A. P, Jones, L. R, Emmett, P. M, Jebb, S. A (2008). Energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat dietary pattern is associated with increased fatness in childhood. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 846-854 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Wiegand, S., Raile, K., Reinehr, T., Hofer, S., Nake, A., Rabl, W., Holl, R. W, on behalf of the DPV-Wiss Study Group, (2008). Daily insulin requirement of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: effect of age, gender, body mass index and mode of therapy.. Eur J Endocrinol 158: 543-549 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Binder, G., Seidel, A.-K., Martin, D. D., Schweizer, R., Schwarze, C. P., Wollmann, H. A., Eggermann, T., Ranke, M. B. (2008). The Endocrine Phenotype in Silver-Russell Syndrome Is Defined by the Underlying Epigenetic Alteration. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93: 1402-1407 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Yngve, A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Wolf, A., Grjibovski, A., Brug, J., Due, P., Ehrenblad, B., Elmadfa, I., Franchini, B., Klepp, K.-I., Poortvliet, E., Rasmussen, M., Thorsdottir, I., Perez Rodrigo, C. (2008). Differences in prevalence of overweight and stunting in 11-year olds across Europe: The Pro Children Study. Eur J Public Health 18: 126-130 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., Sanci, L., Sawyer, S. (2008). Prognosis of adolescent partial syndromes of eating disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 192: 294-299 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Aggoun, Y., Farpour-Lambert, N. J., Marchand, L. M., Golay, E., Maggio, A. B.R., Beghetti, M. (2008). Impaired endothelial and smooth muscle functions and arterial stiffness appear before puberty in obese children and are associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure. Eur Heart J 29: 792-799 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Kalliomaki, M., Carmen Collado, M., Salminen, S., Isolauri, E. (2008). Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 534-538 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Rizzo, N. S, Ruiz, J. R, Oja, L., Veidebaum, T., Sjostrom, M. (2008). Associations between physical activity, body fat, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) in adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 586-592 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Pacifico, L., Anania, C., Osborn, J. F, Ferrara, E., Schiavo, E., Bonamico, M., Chiesa, C. (2008). Long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on circulating ghrelin and leptin concentrations and body composition in prepubertal children. Eur J Endocrinol 158: 323-332 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Atherton, K, Fuller, E, Shepherd, P, Strachan, D P, Power, C (2008). Loss and representativeness in a biomedical survey at age 45 years: 1958 British birth cohort. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62: 216-223 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Matthiessen, J., Velsing Groth, M., Fagt, S., Biltoft-Jensen, A., Stockmarr, A., Andersen, J. S., Trolle, E. (2008). Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Denmark. Scand J Public Health 36: 153-160 [Abstract]  
  • Hui, L. L., Schooling, C. M., Leung, S. S. L., Mak, K. H., Ho, L. M., Lam, T. H., Leung, G. M. (2008). Birth Weight, Infant Growth, and Childhood Body Mass Index: Hong Kong's Children of 1997 Birth Cohort. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 212-218 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Reinehr, T., Hinney, A., Nguyen, T. T., Hebebrand, J. (2008). Evidence of an Influence of a Polymorphism Near the INSIG2 on Weight Loss During a Lifestyle Intervention in Obese Children and Adolescents. Diabetes 57: 623-626 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Eijkemans, M., Mommers, M., de Vries, S. I., van Buuren, S., Stafleu, A., Bakker, I., Thijs, C. (2008). Asthmatic Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Overweight in Young Children: A Cohort Study. Pediatrics 121: e666-e672 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Lurbe, E., Torro, I., Aguilar, F., Alvarez, J., Alcon, J., Pascual, J. M., Redon, J. (2008). Added Impact of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Nocturnal Blood Pressure Elevation in Children and Adolescents. Hypertension 51: 635-641 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Toschke, A. M, Kurth, B. M, von Kries, R. (2008). The choice of cutoffs for obesity and the effect of those values on risk factor estimation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 292-294 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Wardle, J., Carnell, S., Haworth, C. M., Plomin, R. (2008). Evidence for a strong genetic influence on childhood adiposity despite the force of the obesogenic environment. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 398-404 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Apfelbacher, C J, Cairns, J, Bruckner, T, Mohrenschlager, M, Behrendt, H, Ring, J, Kramer, U (2008). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in East and West German children in the decade after reunification: population-based series of cross-sectional studies. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62: 125-130 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Mota, J., Ribeiro, J. C., Santos, M. P. (2008). Obese girls differences in neighbourhood perceptions, screen time and socioeconomic status according to level of physical activity. Health Educ Res 0: cyn001v1-cyn001 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Fajcsak, Z., Gabor, A., Kovacs, V., Martos, E. (2008). The Effects of 6-Week Low Glycemic Load Diet Based on Low Glycemic Index Foods in Overweight/Obese Children - Pilot Study. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27: 12-21 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Turconi, G., Guarcello, M., Maccarini, L., Cignoli, F., Setti, S., Bazzano, R., Roggi, C. (2008). Eating Habits and Behaviors, Physical Activity, Nutritional and Food Safety Knowledge and Beliefs in an Adolescent Italian Population. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27: 31-43 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Gundersen, C., Lohman, B. J., Eisenmann, J. C., Garasky, S., Stewart, S. D. (2008). Child-Specific Food Insecurity and Overweight Are Not Associated in a Sample of 10- to 15-Year-Old Low-Income Youth. J. Nutr. 138: 371-378 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Stanojevic, S., Wade, A., Stocks, J., Hankinson, J., Coates, A. L., Pan, H., Rosenthal, M., Corey, M., Lebecque, P., Cole, T. J. (2008). Reference Ranges for Spirometry Across All Ages: A New Approach. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177: 253-260 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • von Kries, R., Bolte, G., Baghi, L., Toschke, A. M., for the GME Study Group, (2008). Parental smoking and childhood obesity--is maternal smoking in pregnancy the critical exposure?. Int J Epidemiol 37: 210-216 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Nagel, G., Rapp, K., Wabitsch, M., Buchele, G., Kroke, A., Zollner, I., Weiland, S. K., Koenig, W. (2008). Prevalence and Cluster of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Schoolchildren: Results from a Large Survey in Southwest Germany. Clin. Chem. 54: 317-325 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Harding, S., Teyhan, A., Maynard, M. J, Cruickshank, J K. (2008). Ethnic differences in overweight and obesity in early adolescence in the MRC DASH study: the role of adolescent and parental lifestyle. Int J Epidemiol 0: dym252v1-dym252 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • O'Mara, L. (2008). Children who consumed sugar-sweetened beverages between meals >=4 6 times/week at 2.5 4.5 years of age were more likely to be overweight at 4.5 years of age. Evid. Based Nurs. 11: 24-24 [Full text]  
  • Menschik, D., Ahmed, S., Alexander, M. H., Blum, R. Wm. (2008). Adolescent Physical Activities as Predictors of Young Adult Weight. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 29-33 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Paineau, D. L., Beaufils, F., Boulier, A., Cassuto, D.-A., Chwalow, J., Combris, P., Couet, C., Jouret, B., Lafay, L., Laville, M., Mahe, S., Ricour, C., Romon, M., Simon, C., Tauber, M., Valensi, P., Chapalain, V., Zourabichvili, O., Bornet, F. (2008). Family Dietary Coaching to Improve Nutritional Intakes and Body Weight Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162: 34-43 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Lioret, S., Touvier, M., Lafay, L., Volatier, J.-L., Maire, B. (2008). Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in French Children Are Related to Overweight and Socioeconomic Status. J. Nutr. 138: 101-107 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Magnussen, C. G., Raitakari, O. T., Thomson, R., Juonala, M., Patel, D. A., Viikari, J. S.A., Marniemi, J., Srinivasan, S. R., Berenson, G. S., Dwyer, T., Venn, A. (2008). Utility of Currently Recommended Pediatric Dyslipidemia Classifications in Predicting Dyslipidemia in Adulthood: Evidence From the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH) Study, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 117: 32-42 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Mamun, A. A., Lawlor, D. A., Cramb, S., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G., Najman, J. (2007). Do Childhood Sleeping Problems Predict Obesity in Young Adulthood? Evidence from a Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 166: 1368-1373 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Karaolis-Danckert, N., Gunther, A. L., Kroke, A., Hornberg, C., Buyken, A. E (2007). How early dietary factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy on subsequent body-composition development in term children whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 1700-1708 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Gunther, A. L., Remer, T., Kroke, A., Buyken, A. E (2007). Early protein intake and later obesity risk: which protein sources at which time points throughout infancy and childhood are important for body mass index and body fat percentage at 7 y of age?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 1765-1772 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Stellinga-Boelen, A. A.M., Wiegersma, P. A., Bijleveld, C. M.A., Verkade, H. J. (2007). Obesity in asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands the use of national reference charts. Eur J Public Health 17: 555-559 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Mir, S., Tabel, Y., Darcan, S. (2007). Is Presence of Hypertension in Obese Children Correlate with the Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome?. J Trop Pediatr 53: 424-427 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Isanaka, S., Mora-Plazas, M., Lopez-Arana, S., Baylin, A., Villamor, E. (2007). Food Insecurity Is Highly Prevalent and Predicts Underweight but Not Overweight in Adults and School Children from Bogota, Colombia. J. Nutr. 137: 2747-2755 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • McAlpine, D. A, Manohar, C. U, McCrady, S. K, Hensrud, D., Levine, J. A (2007). An office-place stepping device to promote workplace physical activity. Br. J. Sports. Med. 41: 903-907 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Sabin, M. A., De Hora, M., Holly, J. M.P., Hunt, L. P., Ford, A. L., Williams, S. R., Baker, J. S., Retallick, C. J., Crowne, E. C., Shield, J. P.H. (2007). Fasting Nonesterified Fatty Acid Profiles in Childhood and Their Relationship With Adiposity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Lipid Levels. Pediatrics 120: e1426-e1433 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Wake, M., Nicholson, J. M., Hardy, P., Smith, K. (2007). Preschooler Obesity and Parenting Styles of Mothers and Fathers: Australian National Population Study. Pediatrics 120: e1520-e1527 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Reinehr, T., de Sousa, G., Toschke, A. M., Andler, W. (2007). Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence using eight different definitions: a critical approach. Arch. Dis. Child. 92: 1067-1072 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Barlow, S. E., and the Expert Committee, (2007). Expert Committee Recommendations Regarding the Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: Summary Report. Pediatrics 120: S164-S192 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Krebs, N. F., Himes, J. H., Jacobson, D., Nicklas, T. A., Guilday, P., Styne, D. (2007). Assessment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity. Pediatrics 120: S193-S228 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Kivimaki, M., Lawlor, D. A, Smith, G. D., Elovainio, M., Jokela, M., Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L., Viikari, J. S., Raitakari, O. T (2007). Substantial intergenerational increases in body mass index are not explained by the fetal overnutrition hypothesis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 1509-1514 [Abstract] [Full text]  
  • Yanez, A. A., Peix, M. A., Atserias, N., Arnau, A., Brug, J., Yanez, A. A., Peix, M. A., Atserias, N., Arnau, A., Brug, J. (2007). Association of Eating Attitudes Between Teenage Girls and Their Parents. Int J Soc Psychiatry 53: 507-513 [Abstract]  

Rapid Responses:

Read all Rapid Responses

Definition of overweight and obesity in children: software for clinical and epidemiological studies
Nicolas Stettler
bmj.com, 14 May 2000 [Full text]
Definition of childhood overweight/obesity
Jean Mulligan
bmj.com, 17 May 2000 [Full text]
Reanalysis suggests that the new definition for child obesity has questionable validity in puberty
Sanjay Kinra
bmj.com, 29 May 2000 [Full text]
Diabetes mellitus and global climate change
Subhash C Arya
bmj.com, 26 May 2000 [Full text]
Re: Reanalysis suggests that the new definition for child obesity has questionable validity in puber
Sanjay Kinra
bmj.com, 4 Jun 2000 [Full text]
BMI centile charts
J Vignerova
bmj.com, 7 Oct 2000 [Full text]
Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide
Sophie S F Leung
bmj.com, 20 Aug 2001 [Full text]
Underweight in children – how show we define fine it?
Charles Agyemang, PhD
bmj.com, 1 Feb 2007 [Full text]



Student BMJ

Asylum seekers' care

UK medical students have published unreleased government plans to restrict failed asylum seekers' access to medical care

www.student.bmj.com

Listen to the latest BMJ Interview