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Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial

^a Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, ^b Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, ^c Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX

Correspondence to: Dr Barker m.e.barker@sheffield.ac.uk

Objectives: To investigate the effect of milk supplementation on total body bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls.
Design: 18 month, open randomised intervention trial.
Subjects: 82 white girls aged 12.2 (SD 0.3) years, recruited from four secondary schools in Sheffield.
Intervention: 568 ml (one pint) of whole or reduced fat milk per day for 18 months.
Main outcome measures: Total body bone mineral content and bone mineral density measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Outcome measures to evaluate mechanism included biochemical markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, deoxypyridinoline, N-telopeptide of type I collagen), and hormones important to skeletal growth (parathyroid hormone, oestradiol, insulin-like growth factor I).
Results: 80 subjects completed the trial. Daily milk intake at baseline averaged 150 ml in both groups. The intervention group consumed, on average, an additional 300 ml a day throughout the trial. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had greater increases of bone mineral density (9.6% v 8.5 %, P=0.017; repeated measures analysis of variance) and bone mineral content (27.0% v 24.1 %, P=0.009). No significant differences in increments in height, weight, lean body mass, and fat mass were observed between the groups. Bone turnover was not affected by milk supplementation. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I increased in the milk group compared with the control group (35% v 25 %, P=0.02).
Conclusion: Increased milk consumption significantly enhances bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls and could favourably modify attainment of peak bone mass.

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Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls

Susan New, Gordon Ferns, Bryan Starkey, I D Griffiths, R M Francis, Paul Appleby, Richard Eastell, Joanna Cadogan, Nicola Bright, and Margo E Barker
BMJ 1998 316: 1747. [Extract] [Full Text]

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