BMJ  1992;305:160-164 (18 July), doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160

Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care.

Medical Care Research Unit, University of Sheffield Medical School.

OBJECTIVES--To test the acceptability, validity, and reliability of the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and to compare it with the Nottingham health profile. DESIGN--Postal survey using a questionnaire booklet together with a letter from the general practitioner. Non-respondents received two reminders at two week intervals. The SF-36 questionnaire was retested on a subsample of respondents two weeks after the first mailing. SETTING--Two general practices in Sheffield. PATIENTS--1980 patients aged 16-74 years randomly selected from the two practice lists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Scores for each health dimension on the SF-36 questionnaire and the Nottingham health profile. Response to questions on recent use of health services and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS--The response rate for the SF-36 questionnaire was high (83%) and the rate of completion for each dimension was over 95%. Considerable evidence was found for the reliability of the SF-36 (Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.85, reliability coefficient greater than 0.75 for all dimensions except social functioning) and for construct validity in terms of distinguishing between groups with expected health differences. The SF-36 was able to detect low levels of ill health in patients who had scored 0 (good health) on the Nottingham health profile. CONCLUSIONS--The SF-36 is a promising new instrument for measuring health perception in a general population. It is easy to use, acceptable to patients, and fulfils stringent criteria of reliability and validity. Its use in other contexts and with different disease groups requires further research.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    StumbleUpon    Technorati    What's this?

Relevant Articles

Health of nations: lessons from Victoria, Australia.

J W Powles and S Gifford
BMJ 1993 306: 125-127. [Abstract] [PDF]

Validating the SF-36.

S. M. Hunt and S. P. McKenna
BMJ 1992 305: 645-646. [PDF]

Validating the SF-36.

P. Gompertz, R. Harwood, S. Ebrahim, and E. Dickinson
BMJ 1992 305: 645-646. [PDF]

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Rihn, J. A., Berven, S., Allen, T., Phillips, F. M., Currier, B. L., Glassman, S. D., Nash, D. B., Mick, C., Crockard, A., Albert, T. J. (2009). Defining Value in Spine Care. American Journal of Medical Quality 24: 4S-14S [Abstract]  
• Mercer, V. S., Freburger, J. K., Chang, S.-H., Purser, J. L. (2009). Step Test Scores Are Related to Measures of Activity and Participation in the First 6 Months After Stroke. ptjournal 89: 1061-1071 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Anandacoomarasamy, A., Smith, G., Leibman, S., Caterson, I., Giuffre, B., Fransen, M., Sambrook, P., March, L. (2009). Cartilage defects are associated with physical disability in obese adults. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48: 1290-1293 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Arts, M. P., Brand, R., van den Akker, M. E., Koes, B. W., Bartels, R. H. M. A., Peul, W. C., for the Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Progno, (2009). Tubular Diskectomy vs Conventional Microdiskectomy for Sciatica: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 302: 149-158 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Loup, O., von Weissenfluh, C., Gahl, B., Schwerzmann, M., Carrel, T., Kadner, A. (2009). Quality of life of grown-up congenital heart disease patients after congenital cardiac surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 36: 105-111 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., Hootman, J. M., Jones, D. L. (2009). Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Community-Dwelling Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Applied Gerontology 28: 369-394 [Abstract]  
• de Jonge, P., Hadj, F. B., Boffa, D., Zdrojewski, C., Dorogi, Y., So, A., Ruiz, J., Stiefel, F. (2009). Prevention of Major Depression in Complex Medically Ill Patients: Preliminary Results From a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Psychosomatics 50: 227-233 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Yuri Jang, , Chiriboga, D. A., Borenstein, A. R., Small, B. J., Mortimer, J. A. (2009). Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Whites and African Americans. J Aging Health 21: 336-349 [Abstract]  
• Wolinsky, F. D., Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, J. P., Andresen, E. M., Schootman, M., Miller, D. K. (2009). Antecedents of Global Decline in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Middle-Aged African Americans. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 64B: 290-295 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Lewis, C A, Fergusson, W, Eaton, T, Zeng, I, Kolbe, J (2009). Isolated nocturnal desaturation in COPD: prevalence and impact on quality of life and sleep. Thorax 64: 133-138 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Stranges, S., Dorn, J. M., Shipley, M. J., Kandala, N.-B., Trevisan, M., Miller, M. A., Donahue, R. P., Hovey, K. M., Ferrie, J. E., Marmot, M. G., Cappuccio, F. P. (2008). Correlates of Short and Long Sleep Duration: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between the United Kingdom and the United States: The Whitehall II Study and the Western New York Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 168: 1353-1364 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Richardson, J., Chan, D., Risdon, K., Giles, C., Mulveney, S., Cripps, D. (2008). Does monitoring change in function in community-dwelling older adults alter outcome? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 22: 1061-1070 [Abstract]  
• Kroenke, C. H., Kubzansky, L. D., Adler, N., Kawachi, I. (2008). Prospective Change in Health-Related Quality of Life and Subsequent Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Older Women. AJPH 98: 2085-2091 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Cavanna, A. E., Schrag, A., Morley, D., Orth, M., Robertson, M. M., Joyce, E., Critchley, H. D., Selai, C. (2008). The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL): Development and validation. Neurology 71: 1410-1416 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Krishnan, V., McCormack, M. C., Mathai, S. C., Agarwal, S., Richardson, B., Horton, M. R., Polito, A. J., Collop, N. A., Danoff, S. K. (2008). Sleep Quality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 134: 693-698 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Lin, J., Curhan, G. C. (2008). Kidney function decline and physical function in women. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2827-2833 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Peul, W. C, Hout, W. B v. d., Brand, R., Thomeer, R. T W M, Koes, B. W, for the Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Progno, (2008). Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 336: 1355-1358 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Balducci, C., Mnich, E., McKee, K. J., Lamura, G., Beckmann, A., Krevers, B., Wojszel, Z. B., Nolan, M., Prouskas, C., Bien, B., Oberg, B. (2008). Negative Impact and Positive Value in Caregiving: Validation of the COPE Index in a Six-Country Sample of Carers. Gerontologist 48: 276-286 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Steffen, T., Seney, M. (2008). Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change on Balance and Ambulation Tests, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in People With Parkinsonism. ptjournal 88: 733-746 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Ashby, E., Grocott, M. P. W., Haddad, F. S. (2008). Outcome measures for orthopaedic interventions on the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90-B: 545-549 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Bjork, J, Albin, M, Grahn, P, Jacobsson, H, Ardo, J, Wadbro, J, Ostergren, P-O, Skarback, E (2008). Recreational values of the natural environment in relation to neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62: e2-e2 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Brownsell, S., Blackburn, S., Hawley, M. S (2008). An evaluation of second and third generation telecare services in older people's housing. J Telemed Telecare 14: 8-12 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Wolfs, C. A. G., Kessels, A., Dirksen, C. D., Severens, J. L., Verhey, F. R. J. (2008). Integrated multidisciplinary diagnostic approach for dementia care: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 192: 300-305 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Huffman, G. R., Park, J., Roser-Jones, C., Sennett, B. J., Yagnik, G., Webner, D. (2008). Normative SF-36 Values in Competing NCAA Intercollegiate Athletes Differ from Values in the General Population. JBJS 90: 471-476 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Wolinsky, F. D., Miller, T. R., Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, J. P., Schootman, M., Andresen, E. M., Miller, D. K. (2008). Self-Rated Health: Changes, Trajectories, and Their Antecedents Among African Americans. J Aging Health 20: 143-158 [Abstract]  
• Havekes, B, van der Klaauw, A A, Hoftijzer, H C, Jansen, J C, van der Mey, A G L, Vriends, A H J T, Smit, J W A, Romijn, J A, Corssmit, E P M (2008). Reduced quality of life in patients with head-and-neck paragangliomas. Eur J Endocrinol 158: 247-253 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hofhuis, J. G. M., Spronk, P. E., van Stel, H. F., Schrijvers, G. J. P., Rommes, J. H., Bakker, J. (2008). The Impact of Critical Illness on Perceived Health-Related Quality of Life During ICU Treatment, Hospital Stay, and After Hospital Discharge*: A Long-term Follow-up Study. Chest 133: 377-385 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Stranges, S., Cappuccio, F. P., Kandala, N.-B., Miller, M. A., Taggart, F. M., Kumari, M., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E. J., Marmot, M. G. (2008). Cross-sectional versus Prospective Associations of Sleep Duration with Changes in Relative Weight and Body Fat Distribution: The Whitehall II Study. Am J Epidemiol 167: 321-329 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Tomicich, S. F. (2007). Evaluation of Quality of Life for Prostate Cancer Patients Who Have Undergone Radical Prostatectomy Surgery. Am J Mens Health 1: 284-293 [Abstract]  
• Pasipanodya, J. G., Miller, T. L., Vecino, M., Munguia, G., Bae, S., Drewyer, G., Weis, S. E. (2007). Using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire To Ascertain Health Quality in Persons With Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Chest 132: 1591-1598 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Han, S D., Drake, A. I, Cessante, L. M, Jak, A. J, Houston, W. S, Delis, D. C, Filoteo, J V., Bondi, M. W (2007). Apolipoprotein E and traumatic brain injury in a military population: evidence of a neuropsychological compensatory mechanism?. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 78: 1103-1108 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hoogman, M., van de Beek, D., Weisfelt, M., de Gans, J., Schmand, B. (2007). Cognitive outcome in adults after bacterial meningitis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 78: 1092-1096 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Nho, S. J., Shindle, M. K., Sherman, S. L., Freedman, K. B., Lyman, S., MacGillivray, J. D. (2007). Systematic Review of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair and Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair. JBJS 89: 127-136 [Full text]  
• Cappuccio, F. P., Stranges, S., Kandala, N.-B., Miller, M. A., Taggart, F. M., Kumari, M., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E. J., Marmot, M. G. (2007). Gender-Specific Associations of Short Sleep Duration With Prevalent and Incident Hypertension: The Whitehall II Study. Hypertension 50: 693-700 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Seely, D., Singh, R. (2007). Adaptogenic Potential of a Polyherbal Natural Health Product: Report on a Longitudinal Clinical Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 4: 375-380 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kars, M, van der Klaauw, A A, Onstein, C S, Pereira, A M, Romijn, J A (2007). Quality of life is decreased in female patients treated for microprolactinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 157: 133-139 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Nietert, P. J., French, M. T., Kirchner, J. E., Booth, B. M. (2007). Utilization and Cost of Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Medical Services among At-Risk Drinkers. Med Care Res Rev 64: 431-448 [Abstract]  
• Myint, P. K., Luben, R. N., Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Welch, A. A., Bingham, S. A., Wareham, N. J., Smith, R. D., Harvey, I. M., Khaw, K.-T. (2007). Self-Reported Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk): A Prospective Population Study. Psychosom. Med. 69: 410-414 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Peul, W. C., van Houwelingen, H. C., van den Hout, W. B., Brand, R., Eekhof, J. A.H., Tans, J. T.J., Thomeer, R. T.W.M., Koes, B. W., the Leiden-The Hague Spine Intervention Prognostic, (2007). Surgery versus Prolonged Conservative Treatment for Sciatica. NEJM 356: 2245-2256 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Patel, A. A., Donegan, D., Albert, T. (2007). The 36-Item Short Form. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 15: 126-134 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Williams, A. E., Rome, K., Nester, C. J. (2007). A clinical trial of specialist footwear for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 302-307 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Katznelson, L., Robinson, M. W, Coyle, C. L, Lee, H., Farrell, C. E (2006). Effects of modest testosterone supplementation and exercise for 12 weeks on body composition and quality of life in elderly men. Eur J Endocrinol 155: 867-875 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Wolinsky, F. D., Unverzagt, F. W., Smith, D. M., Jones, R., Stoddard, A., Tennstedt, S. L. (2006). The ACTIVE Cognitive Training Trial and Health-Related Quality of Life: Protection That Lasts for 5 Years. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61: 1324-1329 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Haverkamp, D., Sierevelt, I. N., Breugem, S. J. M., Lohuis, K., Blankevoort, L., van Dijk, C. N. (2006). Translation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form. Am J Sports Med 34: 1680-1684 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Thomas, K J, MacPherson, H, Thorpe, L, Brazier, J, Fitter, M, Campbell, M J, Roman, M, Walters, S J, Nicholl, J (2006). Randomised controlled trial of a short course of traditional acupuncture compared with usual care for persistent non-specific low back pain. BMJ 333: 623- [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Wolinsky, F. D., Unverzagt, F. W., Smith, D. M., Jones, R., Wright, E., Tennstedt, S. L. (2006). The Effects of the ACTIVE Cognitive Training Trial on Clinically Relevant Declines in Health-Related Quality of Life.. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Science 61: S281-S287 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Linsell, L., Dawson, J., Zondervan, K., Rose, P., Carr, A., Randall, T., Fitzpatrick, R. (2006). Pain and overall health status in older people with hip and knee replacement: a population perspective. J Public Health (Oxf) 28: 267-273 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Dekkers, O. M., van der Klaauw, A. A., Pereira, A. M., Biermasz, N. R., Honkoop, P. J., Roelfsema, F., Smit, J. W. A., Romijn, J. A. (2006). Quality of Life Is Decreased after Treatment for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Macroadenoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 3364-3369 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• van Baalen, B, Odding, E, van Woensel, M P., van Kessel, M A, Roebroeck, M E, Stam, H J (2006). Reliability and sensitivity to change of measurement instruments used in a traumatic brain injury population. Clin Rehabil 20: 686-700 [Abstract]  
• Schrag, A., Selai, C., Quinn, N., Lees, A., Litvan, I., Lang, A., Poon, Y., Bower, J., Burn, D., Hobart, J. (2006). Measuring quality of life in PSP: The PSP-QoL.. Neurology 67: 39-44 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Sayer, A. A., Syddall, H. E., Martin, H. J., Dennison, E. M., Roberts, H. C., Cooper, C. (2006). Is grip strength associated with health-related quality of life? Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Age Ageing 35: 409-415 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Nekhlyudov, L., Kroenke, C. H., Jung, I., Holmes, M. D., Colditz, G. A. (2006). Prospective Changes in Quality of Life After Ductal Carcinoma-in-Situ: Results From the Nurses' Health Study. JCO 24: 2822-2827 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• McManus, I. C., Stubbings, G. F., Martin, N. (2006). Stigmatization, Physical Illness and Mental Health in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. J Health Psychol 11: 467-482 [Abstract]  
• Eaton, T., Fergusson, W., Kolbe, J., Lewis, C. A., West, T. (2006). Short-burst oxygen therapy for COPD patients: a 6-month randomised, controlled study.. Eur Respir J 27: 697-704 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Dekkers, O M, Biermasz, N R, Smit, J W A, Groot, L E, Roelfsema, F, Romijn, J A, Pereira, A M (2006). Quality of life in treated adult craniopharyngioma patients.. Eur J Endocrinol 154: 483-489 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• MALET, L., LLORCA, P.-M., BERINGUIER, B., LEHERT, P., FALISSARD, B. (2006). ALQOL 9 FOR MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. Alcohol Alcohol 41: 181-187 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• von Rueden, U., Gosch, A., Rajmil, L., Bisegger, C., Ravens-Sieberer, U., the European KIDSCREEN group, (2006). Socioeconomic determinants of health related quality of life in childhood and adolescence: results from a European study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 60: 130-135 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Perez de Arenaza, D., Lees, B., Flather, M., Nugara, F., Husebye, T., Jasinski, M., Cisowski, M., Khan, M., Henein, M., Gaer, J., Guvendik, L., Bochenek, A., Wos, S., Lie, M., Van Nooten, G., Pennell, D., Pepper, J., on behalf of the ASSERT (Aortic Stentless versus S, (2005). Randomized Comparison of Stentless Versus Stented Valves for Aortic Stenosis: Effects on Left Ventricular Mass. Circulation 112: 2696-2702 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Holliday, R. C., Antoun, M., Playford, E. D. (2005). A Survey of Goal-Setting Methods Used in Rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 19: 227-231 [Abstract]  
• Bowling, A. (2005). Mode of questionnaire administration can have serious effects on data quality. J Public Health (Oxf) 27: 281-291 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Dunderdale, K., Thompson, D. R., Miles, J. N.V., Beer, S. F., Furze, G. (2005). Quality-of-life measurement in chronic heart failure: do we take account of the patient perspective?. Eur J Heart Fail 7: 572-582 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Ostor, A. J. K., Richards, C. A., Prevost, A. T., Speed, C. A., Hazleman, B. L. (2005). Diagnosis and relation to general health of shoulder disorders presenting to primary care. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44: 800-805 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Bissonnette, J., Logan, J., Davies, B., Graham, I. D. (2005). Methodological Issues Encountered in a Study of Hospitalized COPD Patients. Clin Nurs Res 14: 81-97 [Abstract]  
• Kim, J., Henderson, R. A., Pocock, S. J., Clayton, T., Sculpher, M. J., Fox, K. A.A., RITA-3 Trial Investigators, (2005). Health-related quality of life after interventional or conservative strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: One-year results of the third randomized intervention trial of unstable angina (RITA-3). J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 221-228 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Chien, M Y, Yang, R S, Tsauo, J Y (2005). Home-based trunk-strengthening exercise for osteoporotic and osteopenic postmenopausal women without fracture -a pilot study. Clin Rehabil 19: 28-36 [Abstract]  
• van Wely, M., Bayram, N., Bossuyt, P.M.M., van der Veen, F. (2004). Laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries versus recombinant FSH in clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Impact on women's health-related quality of life. Hum Reprod 19: 2244-2250 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Trick, L., Stanley, N., Rigney, U., Hindmarch, I. (2004). A Double-Blind, Randomized, 26-Week Study Comparing the Cognitive and Psychomotor Effects and Efficacy of 75 mg (37.5 mg b.i.d.) Venlafaxine and 75 mg (25 mg Mane, 50 mg Nocte) Dothiepin in Elderly Patients with Moderate Major Depression Being Treated in General Practice. J Psychopharmacol 18: 205-214 [Abstract]  
• Gottlieb, S. S., Khatta, M., Friedmann, E., Einbinder, L., Katzen, S., Baker, B., Marshall, J., Minshall, S., Robinson, S., Fisher, M. L., Potenza, M., Sigler, B., Baldwin, C., Thomas, S. A. (2004). The influence of age, gender, and race on the prevalence of depression in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 1542-1549 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Hudson, M. M., Hester, A., Sweeney, T., Kippenbrock, S., Majcina, R., Vear, S., Wiard, S., Kaplan, S. (2004). A Model of Care for Childhood Cancer Survivors That Facilitates Research. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 21: 170-174 [Abstract]  
• Dawson, J., Linsell, L., Zondervan, K., Rose, P., Randall, T., Carr, A., Fitzpatrick, R. (2004). Epidemiology of hip and knee pain and its impact on overall health status in older adults. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43: 497-504 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kim, S., Emerman, C. L., Cydulka, R. K., Rowe, B. H., Clark, S., Camargo, C. A. (2004). Prospective Multicenter Study of Relapse Following Emergency Department Treatment of COPD Exacerbation. Chest 125: 473-481 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Channer, K. S., Birchall, A., Steeds, R. P., Walters, S. J., Yeo, W. W., West, J. N., Muthusamy, R., Rhoden, W. E., Saeed, B. T., Batin, P., Brooksby, W.P., Wilson, I., Grant, S. (2004). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of pre-treatment and short- or long-term maintenance therapy with amiodarone supporting DC cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 25: 144-150 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Calverley, P. M. A., Spencer, S., Willits, L., Burge, P. S., Jones, P. W. (2003). Withdrawal From Treatment as an Outcome in the ISOLDE Study of COPD. Chest 124: 1350-1356 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• van Iersel, M. B, Rikkert, M. G. O., Mulley, G. P (2003). Is stair negotiation measured appropriately in functional assessment scales?. Clin Rehabil 17: 325-333 [Abstract]  
• Kennedy, A. D. M., Sculpher, M. J., Coulter, A., Dwyer, N., Rees, M., Abrams, K. R., Horsley, S., Cowley, D., Kidson, C., Kirwin, C., Naish, C., Stirrat, G. (2002). Effects of Decision Aids for Menorrhagia on Treatment Choices, Health Outcomes, and Costs: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 288: 2701-2708 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Mostert, S, Kesselring, J (2002). Effects of a short-term exercise training program on aerobic fitness, fatigue, health perception and activity level of subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 8: 161-168 [Abstract]  
• Pretlove, S E C, Critchley, R, Howard, R, Oreszczyn, T (2002). The Nottingham energy, health and housing study: reducing relative humidity, dust mites and asthma. BUILDING SERV ENG RES TECHNOL 23: 43-55 [Abstract]  
• van den Heuvel, E. T., Witte, L. P d., Schure, L. M, Sanderman, R., Jong, B. M.-d. (2001). Risk factors for burn-out in caregivers of stroke patients, and possibilities for intervention. Clin Rehabil 15: 669-677 [Abstract]  
• VanSwearingen, J. M, Brach, J. S (2001). Making Geriatric Assessment Work: Selecting Useful Measures. ptjournal 81: 1233-1252 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kersten, P., Mclellan, L., George, S., Smith, J. A E (2000). The Southampton Needs Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ): a valid tool for assessing the rehabilitation needs of disabled people. Clin Rehabil 14: 641-650 [Abstract]  
• Langhammer, B., Stanghelle, J. K (2000). Bobath or Motor Relearning Programme? A comparison of two different approaches of physiotherapy in stroke rehabilitation: a randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil 14: 361-369 [Abstract]  
• Chambers, R., Chambers, C., Campbell, I. (2000). Exercise promotion for patients with significant medical problems. Health Education Journal 59: 90-98 [Abstract]  
• Fine, J. T., Colditz, G. A., Coakley, E. H., Moseley, G., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., Kawachi, I. (1999). A Prospective Study of Weight Change and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women. JAMA 282: 2136-2142 [Abstract] [Full text]  
• Kahler, J., Lutke, M., Weckmuller, J., Koster, R., Meinertz, T., Hamm, C.W. (1999). Coronary angioplasty in octogenarians. Quality of life and costs. Eur Heart J 20: 1791-1798 [Abstract]  
• Zwinderman, A. H., Cleophas, T. J., van der Sluijs, H., Niemeyer, M. G., Buunk, B. P., van der Wall, E. E., Cleophas, T. J., Dutch Mononitrate Quality of Life Study Group, (1999). Comparison of 50-mg and 100-mg Sustained-Release Isosorbide Mononitrate in the Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris: Effects on Quality-of-Life Indices. ANGIOLOGY 50: 963-969 [Abstract]  
• Nortvedt, M W, Riise, T, Myhr, K M, Nyland, H I, Hanestad, B R (1999). Type I interferons and the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients. Results from a clinical trial on interferon alfa-2a. Mult Scler 5: 317-322 [Abstract]  
• Kersten, P., Mullee, M. A, Smith, J. A., McLellan, L., George, S. (1999). Generic health status measures are unsuitable for measuring health status in severely disabled people. Clin Rehabil 13: 219-228 [Abstract]  
• Schofield, M. J., Lattimore-Foot, G., Sanson-Fisher, R. (1998). SF-36 Health Profiles of Recently Discharged Hospital Patients in Australia. J Health Psychol 3: 551-563 [Abstract]  
• HAvard Loge, J., Kaasa, S. (1998). Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey: normative data from the general Norwegian population. Scand J Public Health 26: 250-258 [Abstract]  
• Maslin, A. M., Baum, M., Secker Walker, J., A'Hern, R., Prouse, A. (1998). Shared decision-making using an interactive video disk system for women with early breast cancer. Journal of Research in Nursing 3: 444-454 [Abstract]  
• Parrish, R. K. II, Gedde, S. J., Scott, I. U., Feuer, W. J., Schiffman, J. C., Mangione, C. M., Montenegro-Piniella, A. (1997). Visual Function and Quality of Life Among Patients With Glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 115: 1447-1455 [Abstract]  
• Niemeyer, M. G., Kleinjans, H. A. J., de Ree, R., Zwinderman, A. H., Cleophas, T. J. M., van der Wall, E. E., Cleophas, A.J.M., Dutch Mononitrate Quality of Life Study Group, (1997). Comparison of Multiple-Dose and Once-Daily Nitrate Therapy in 1212 Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris: Effects on Quality of Life Indices. ANGIOLOGY 48: 855-862 [Abstract]  
• Freeman, J. A., Langdon, D. W., Hobart, J. C., Thompson, A. J. (1996). Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 10: 185-194 [Abstract]  
• (1995). These abstracts are from the proceedings of the Society of Research in Rehabilitation scientific meeting held in Nottingham, UK, summer 1994. Clin Rehabil 9: 173-181  

Online poll

Find out more here>> and here>>