Table 1 Epidural analgesia, mode of delivery, and secondary outcomes among nulliparous women with dystocia allocated to labour in a birth pool or standard augmentation (amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin). Values are numbers (percentages) of women unless otherwise indicated
|
Outcomes
|
Labour in water (n=49)
|
Augmentation (n=50)
|
Relative risk (95% CI)
|
Number needed to treat to benefit one woman (NNTB) (95% CI)
|
Pearson  2 P value
|
Epidural analgesia:
|
|
|
|
|
|
At first stage of labour
|
21 (43)
|
30 (60)
|
|
|
|
At second stage of labour
|
2 (4)
|
3 (6)
|
|
|
|
At any stage of labour
|
23 (47)
|
33 (66)
|
0.71 (0.49 to 1.01)
|
5 (3 to  to NNTH -212)
|
0.056
|
Mode of delivery:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal
|
25 (51)
|
25 (50)
|
|
|
|
Ventouse
|
12 (25)
|
10 (20)
|
|
|
|
Forceps
|
4 (8)
|
4 (8)
|
|
|
|
Caesarean section
|
8 (16)
|
11 (22)
|
|
|
|
Any operative delivery
|
24 (49)
|
25 (50)
|
0.98 (0.65 to 1.47)
|
98 (3 to to NNTH -5)
|
0.919
|
Method of augmentation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amniotomy
|
28 (57)
|
37 (74)
|
|
|
|
Amniotomy alone
|
14 (29)
|
20 (40)
|
|
|
|
Oxytocin
|
21 (43)
|
28 (56)
|
|
|
|
Oxytocin alone
|
7 (14)
|
11 (22)
|
|
|
|
Amniotomy and oxytocin
|
14 (29)
|
17 (34)
|
|
|
|
Amniotomy or oxytocin, or both
|
35 (71)
|
48 (96)
|
0.74 (0.59 to 0.88)
|
4 (3 to 9)
|
0.001
|
Any obstetric intervention*
|
39 (80)
|
49 (98)
|
0.81 (0.67 to 0.92)
|
5 (3 to 14)
|
0.004
|
|
NNTH=Number needed to treat to harm one woman.
* Amniotomy, oxytocin, epidural analgesia, or operative delivery.