Table 1 Patterns of in-hospital comorbidity in five years before or concomitant with diagnosis of heart failure among white and south Asian patients. Values are numbers (percentages) of patients, with 95% confidence intervals, unless stated otherwise
|
Comorbidity
|
White patients (n=5057)
|
South Asian patients (n=336)
|
P value*
|
Acute myocardial infarction:
|
769 (15.2, 14.2 to 16.2)
|
91 (27.1, 22.4 to 32.2)
|
<0.001
|
Before admission with heart failure
|
278 (5.5, 4.9 to 6.1)
|
34 (10.1, 6.9 to 13.3)
|
<0.001
|
Concomitant with heart failure
|
539 (10.7, 9.8 to 11.5)
|
63 (18.8, 14.6 to 22.9)
|
<0.001
|
Other coronary heart disease
|
1264 (25.0, 23.8 to 26.2)
|
98 (29.2, 24.4 to 34.3)
|
0.1
|
Other heart disease
|
3024 (59.8, 58.4 to 61.2)
|
147 (43.8, 38.4 to 49.2)
|
<0.001
|
Hypertension
|
1484 (29.3, 28.1 to 30.6)
|
147 (43.8, 38.4 to 49.2)
|
<0.001
|
Valve disease
|
250 (4.9, 4.4 to 5.6)
|
6 (1.8, 0.7 to 3.8)
|
0.01
|
Diabetes
|
817 (16.2, 15.2 to 17.2)
|
154 (45.8, 40.4 to 51.3)
|
<0.001
|
Stroke
|
393 (7.8, 7.0 to 8.5)
|
26 (7.7, 4.9 to 10.6)
|
0.98
|
Renal failure
|
756 (14.9, 14.0 to 15.9)
|
56 (16.7, 12.7 to 20.7)
|
0.39
|
Atrial fibrillation or flutter:
|
174 (434.5, 33.2 to 35.8)
|
46 (13.7, 10.0 to 17.4)
|
<0.001
|
Before admission with heart failure
|
646 (12.8, 11.9 to 13.7)
|
15 (4.5, 2.3 to 6.7)
|
<0.001
|
Concomitant with heart failure
|
148 (729.4, 28.1 to 30.7)
|
37 (11.0, 7.7 to 14.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
* Derived with 
2 statistic.
Diagnosed in hospital at any time within five years before, and excluding, first admission with heart failure.
No acute myocardial infarction.
No acute myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease.