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BMJ No 7132 Volume 316

Papers - Abstracts Saturday 28 February 1998


Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study
Numbers of deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia and timing of birth in all Wales perinatal survey, 1993-5
Association of glutamine 27 polymorphism of ß adrenoceptor with reported childhood asthma: population based study

Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study

Hans C Siersted, Jesper Boldsen, Henrik S Hansen, Gert Mostgaard, Niels Hyldebrandt

See Editorial by O'Brien, p 564

Abstract

Objective: To describe factors related to underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence.

Design: Subgroup analysis in a population based cohort study.

Setting: Odense municipality, Denmark.

Subjects: 495 schoolchildren aged 12 to 15 years were selected from a cohort of 1369 children investigated 3 years earlier. Selection was done by randomisation (n=292) and by a history indicating allergy or asthma-like symptoms in subject or family (n=203).

Main outcome measures: Undiagnosed asthma defined as coexistence of asthma-like symptoms and one or more obstructive airway abnormalities (low ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, hyperresponsiveness to methacholine or exercise, or peak flow hypervariability) in the absence of physician diagnosed asthma. Risk factors (odds ratios) for underdiagnosis.

Results: Undiagnosed asthma comprised about one third of all asthma identified. Underdiagnosis was independently associated with low physical activity, high body mass, serious family problems, passive smoking, and the absence of rhinitis. Girls were overrepresented among undiagnosed patients with asthma (69%) and underrepresented among diagnosed patients (33%). Among the risk factors identified, low physical activity and problems in the family were independently associated with female sex. The major symptom among those undiagnosed was cough (58%), whereas wheezing (35%) or breathing trouble (50%) was reported less frequently than among those diagnosed. Less than one third of those undiagnosed had reported their symptoms to a doctor.

Conclusions: Asthma, as defined by combined symptoms and test criteria, was seriously underdiagnosed among adolescents. Underdiagnosis was most prevalent among girls and was associated with a low tendency to report symptoms and with several independent risk factors that may help identification of previously undiagnosed asthmatic patients.

Section of Respiratory Diseases,
Department of Medicine C,
Odense University Hospital,
DK-5000 Odense C,
Denmark
Hans C Siersted, senior registrar
Gert Mostgaard, registrar

Department of Cardiology,
Odense University Hospital
Henrik S Hansen, senior registrar

Centre for Health and Social Policy,
Odense University,
DK-5230
Odense M
Jesper Boldsen, senior lecturer

Private Specialist Clinic,
Norregade 16,
DK-5000
Odense C
Niels Hyldebrandt, specialist in allergy and internal medicine

Correspondence to: Dr Siersted email: hc.siersted@winsloew.ou.dk

Full text on BioMedNet


Numbers of deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia and timing of birth in all Wales perinatal survey, 1993-5

Jane H Stewart, Joan Andrews, Patrick H T Cartlidge

See Editorial by Spencer, p 640

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the relation between the timing of birth and the occurrence of death related to an intrapartum event.

Design: Analysis of 107,206 births to Welsh residents in 1993-5, including 608 cases of stillbirth and 407 of neonatal death identified in the all Wales perinatal survey, the cause of death classified with the clinicopathological system.

Subjects: 79 normally formed babies stillborn or who died in the neonatal period, birth weight >1499 g, for whom cause of death was related to an intrapartum event.

Main outcome measures: Relative risk of death due to an intrapartum event according to the hour, day, and month of birth.
Results: Mortality was higher in babies born between 9.00 pm and 8.59 am than in those born between 9.00 am and 8.59 pm; relative risk (95% confidence interval) 2.18 (1.37 to 3.47). July and August births also had a higher death rate than births in other months; relative risk 1.99 (1.23 to 3.23). Weekend births had a higher death rate but it was not significant.
Conclusions: The excess of deaths at night and during months when annual leave is popular may indicate an overreliance on inexperienced staff at these times. Errors of judgment may also be related to physical and mental fatigue, demanding a more disciplined systematic approach at night. Mistakes may be ameliorated by increasing shiftwork, but shifts should be carefully designed to avoid undue disruption of circadian rhythms. In addition, greater supervision by senior staff may be required at night and during summer months.

Department of Child Health,
University of Wales College of Medicine,
Cardiff CF4 4XN
Jane H Stewart, research midwife
Joan Andrews, consultant obstetrician
Patrick H T Cartlidge,
senior lecturer in child health

Correspondence to: Dr Cartlidge

email: cartlidge@cf.ac.uk

Full text on BioMedNet


Effect of asthma and its treatment on growth: four year follow up of cohort of children from general practices in Tayside, Scotland

C McCowan, R G Neville, G E Thomas, I K Crombie, R A Clark, I W Ricketts, A Y Cairns, F C Warner, S A Greene, E White

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether asthma or its treatment impairs children's growth, after allowing for socioeconomic group.

Design: 4 year follow up of a cohort of children aged 1-15.

Setting: 12 general practices in the Tayside region of Scotland.

Subjects: 3,347 children with asthma or features suggestive of asthma registered with the general practices.

Main outcome measures: Height and weight standard deviation scores.

Results: Children who lived in areas of social deprivation (assessed by postcode) had lower height and weight than their contemporaries (mean standard deviation score -0.26 (SD 1.02) and -0.18 (1.15) respectively, P<0.001 for both). Children who were receiving 400 0icro;g daily of inhaled steroids and who were attending both hospital and general practice for asthma care had lower height and weight than average, independent of the effect of deprivation (mean standard deviation score -0.62 (1.01), P=0.002, for height and -0.58 (0.94), P=0.005, for weight). Children receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids also showed lower growth rates (mean change in standard deviation score -0.19 (0.51), P=0.003). However, no other children with asthma showed growth impairment.

Conclusion: Most children with asthma were of normal height and weight and had normal growth rates. However, children receiving high doses of inhaled steroids and requiring both general practice and hospital services had a significant reduction in their stature. This effect was independent from but smaller than the effect of socioeconomic group on stature.

Tayside Centre for General Practice,
University of Dundee,
Dundee DD2 4AD
C McCowan, project officer, National Asthma Campaign
R G Neville, senior lecturer in general practice
G E Thomas, lecturer in statistics
I K Crombie, reader in epidemiology
R A Clark, consultant chest physician
I W Ricketts, reader in computer studies
A Y Cairns, lecturer in computer studies
F C Warner, research secretary in general practice
S A Greene, consultant paediatric endocrinologist
E White, health visitor

Correspondence to: Mr McCowan email: c.mccowan@dundee.ac.uk

Full text on BioMedNet


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