Editor's Choice | This Week in BMJ | Press releases



BMJ No 7114 Volume 315

Press Releases Saturday 18 October 1997


Embargoed: 00.01 hrs 17 October 1997 UK time

Red meat is not a cancer risk
From Russia with love
Explanation of why smokers have lower risk of dying when admitted to hospital after heart attack
The ethics of research in the developing world
BMA response to new evidence on the dangers of passive smoking

Red meat is not a cancer risk

(Frequent consumption of red meat is not risk factor for cancer)

In a letter in this week's BMJ, Cox and Whichelow counter recent reports that link eating red meat to cancer. The authors write that research in a British population has shown that there is no evidence to suggest that frequent consumption of red meat is a risk factor for cancer but that eating fruit and salad can help protect from the disease. Cox and Whichelow conclude that most of the evidence supporting the association between meat and colorectal cancer comes from the United States, rather than Europe. Cultural differences in the way in which meat is cooked and how it is eaten in relation to fruit and salad, may explain the inconsistent findings.

See Letter (Cox and Whichelow) p 1018

Contact:
Brian Cox, Director

Health and Lifestyle Survey,
Department of Community Medicine,
Institute of Public Health,
University of Cambridge.

tel: 01223 330324/5
fax: 01223 330330

From Russia with love

(Incidence of early syphilis acquired in former Soviet Union is increasing)

Deayton and French write a warning in a letter in this week's BMJ, that there has been an upsurge in the number of cases of syphilis in the UK. They raise particular concern over those people who have had sexual contacts in the former Soviet Union or with a Russian partner in the UK, as this area of Eastern Europe has been experiencing a growing epidemic of syphilis since 1990.

See Letter (Deayton and French) p 1018

Contact:
Patrick French, consultant in genitourinary medicine

Mortimer Market Centre,
London

tel: 0171 530 5077
fax: 0171 530 5044

Explanation of why smokers have lower risk of dying when admitted to hospital after heart attack

(Comparison of case fatality in smokers and non-smokers after acute cardiac event)

It has been recognised that patients who smoke have a lower risk of dying when admitted to hospital after an acute heart attack, than patients who do not smoke. In this week's BMJ Beaglehole et al explode this apparent paradox. The authors' research reveals that the phenomenon is largely explained by the fact that smokers who have suffered a heart attack tend to die before they actually reach hospital.

See Paper (Sonke et al) p 992

Contact:
Professor Robert Beaglehole

Department of Community Health,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Science,
University of Auckland,
New Zealand

tel: 0171 607 8549
fax: 0171 607 7151
email: r.beaglehole@auckland.ac.nz

The ethics of research in the developing world

(Ethics and international research)

There has been much debate about the ethics of drug studies in the developing world and specifically about current research looking to prevent maternal-infant HIV transmission. In this week's BMJ, Halsey et al responds to the recent commentary by Lurie and Wolfe in the New England Journal of Medicine, which criticised placebo controlled trials in this area.

The authors write that each year 300,000 infants in developing countries become infected with HIV. They note that women participating in studies to find a means of lowering this figure are fully informed of their HIV infection status; the purpose of the study; the probability of receiving drug or placebo (a 'dummy' drug) and are given the option to participate.

Lurie and Wolfe in the New England Journal of Medicine propose that the studies are unethical and that any research supported by the US government should provide all participants with the same level of care that is available to Americans. Halsey et al indicate that universal care is not feasible and that the HIV studies are being undertaken for the benefit of those in developing countries and not developed countries (a successful regimen has already been proven in the developed world). In the case of the HIV studies under discussion, none of the participants are being denied the care that they would otherwise have (consistent with the guidelines of the Council for International Organisation of Medical Sciences), and some participants are receiving treatment that they would never have had.

The authors conclude that were it not for studies of this kind, oral rehydration and low cost surgical procedures, that have dramatically improved health care throughout the world, would never have been developed. Halsey et al highlights that for every month that there is a delay of finding an effective practical intervention, over 20,000 children are dying from HIV infection.

See Editorial (Halsey et al) p 965

Contact:
Professor Alfred Sommer, Dean

Division of Disease Control,
Department of International Health,
John Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public health,
Baltimore.

tel: 001 410 955 3540
fax: 001 410 502 6733


BMA response to new evidence on the dangers of passive smoking

Responding to evidence published in this week's edition of the BMJ which shows that non-smokers exposed to passive smoking have a 23 per cent greater risk of developing heart disease and a 26 per cent greater risk of lung cancer, Dr Bill O'Neill, Science and Research Adviser for the BMA says :

This week has seen four major blows to the UK tobacco industry. Universities are rejecting tainted research funds, pressure is growing for court action against the UK industry to expose its conspiracy to deceive, BAT's credit rating is slipping and now the last shreds of doubt about the dangers of passive smoking have been blown away.

The new evidence published by the BMJ shows that living with a smoker is a major health hazard. It dramatically increases your risk of developing lung cancer and heart disease, even if the level of environmental tobacco smoke around you is quite low.

The new evidence has lessons for individual smokers who are exposing their loved ones to needless risk, but also for employers, pub and restaurant owners who all have a responsibility to eliminate tobacco smoke from public places.

The tobacco industry must now stop its pathetic attempts to evade the evidence and accept that cigarettes not only harm and kill those who smoke them, they harm and kill non-smokers too.


Embargo: 00.01 hrs Friday 17 October 1997

Please contact Public Affairs Division for the text of the paper & the authors for further comment

For further information, please contactel:

Jill Shepherd on 0171 383 6529
Public Affairs Division,
BMA House,
Tavistock Square,
London,
WC1H 9JP

or telephone (8.30am - 6.00pm): 0171 383 6254
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